| # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+ |
| |
| Device Firmware Upgrade (DFU) |
| |
| Overview: |
| |
| The Device Firmware Upgrade (DFU) allows to download and upload firmware |
| to/from U-Boot connected over USB. |
| |
| U-boot follows the Universal Serial Bus Device Class Specification for |
| Device Firmware Upgrade Version 1.1 the USB forum (DFU v1.1 in www.usb.org). |
| |
| U-Boot implements this DFU capability (CONFIG_DFU) with the command dfu |
| (cmd/dfu.c / CONFIG_CMD_DFU) based on: |
| - the DFU stack (common/dfu.c and common/spl/spl_dfu.c), based on the |
| USB DFU download gadget (drivers/usb/gadget/f_dfu.c) |
| - The access to mediums is done in DFU backends (driver/dfu) |
| |
| Today the supported DFU backends are: |
| - MMC (RAW or FAT / EXT2 / EXT3 / EXT4 file system) |
| - NAND |
| - RAM |
| - SF (serial flash) |
| - MTD (all MTD device: NAND, SPI-NOR, SPI-NAND,...) |
| - virtual |
| |
| These DFU backends are also used by |
| - the dfutftp (see README.dfutftp) |
| - the thordown command (cmd/thordown.c and gadget/f_thor.c) |
| |
| The "virtual" backend is a generic DFU backend to support a board specific |
| target (for example OTP), only based on the weak functions: |
| - dfu_write_medium_virt |
| - dfu_get_medium_size_virt |
| - dfu_read_medium_virt |
| |
| Configuration Options: |
| CONFIG_DFU |
| CONFIG_DFU_OVER_USB |
| CONFIG_DFU_MMC |
| CONFIG_DFU_MTD |
| CONFIG_DFU_NAND |
| CONFIG_DFU_RAM |
| CONFIG_DFU_SF |
| CONFIG_DFU_SF_PART |
| CONFIG_DFU_VIRTUAL |
| CONFIG_CMD_DFU |
| |
| Environment variables: |
| the dfu command use 3 environments variables: |
| "dfu_alt_info" : the DFU setting for the USB download gadget with a comma |
| separated string of information on each alternate: |
| dfu_alt_info="<alt1>;<alt2>;....;<altN>" |
| |
| when only several device are used, the format is: |
| - <interface> <dev>'='alternate list (';' separated) |
| - each interface is separated by '&' |
| dfu_alt_info=\ |
| "<interface1> <dev1>=<alt1>;....;<altN>&"\ |
| "<interface2> <dev2>=<altN+1>;....;<altM>&"\ |
| ...\ |
| "<interfaceI> <devI>=<altY+1>;....;<altZ>&" |
| |
| "dfu_bufsiz" : size of the DFU buffer, when absent, use |
| CONFIG_SYS_DFU_DATA_BUF_SIZE (8MiB by default) |
| |
| "dfu_hash_algo" : name of the hash algorithm to use |
| |
| Commands: |
| dfu <USB_controller> [<interface> <dev>] list |
| list the alternate device defined in "dfu_alt_info" |
| |
| dfu <USB_controller> [<interface> <dev>] |
| start the dfu stack on the USB instance with the selected medium |
| backend and use the "dfu_alt_info" variable to configure the |
| alternate setting and link each one with the medium |
| The dfu command continue until receive a ^C in console or |
| a DFU detach transaction from HOST. |
| |
| The possible values of <interface> are : |
| (with <USB controller> = 0 in the dfu command example) |
| |
| "mmc" (for eMMC and SD card) |
| cmd: dfu 0 mmc <dev> |
| each element in "dfu_alt_info" = |
| <name> raw <offset> <size> raw access to mmc device |
| <name> part <dev> <part_id> raw acces to partition |
| <name> fat <dev> <part_id> file in FAT partition |
| <name> ext4 <dev> <part_id> file in EXT4 partition |
| |
| with <partid> is the GPT or DOS partition index |
| |
| "nand" (raw slc nand device) |
| cmd: dfu 0 nand <dev> |
| each element in "dfu_alt_info" = |
| <name> raw <offset> <size> raw access to mmc device |
| <name> part <dev> <part_id> raw acces to partition |
| <name> partubi <dev> <part_id> raw acces to ubi partition |
| |
| with <partid> is the MTD partition index |
| |
| "ram" |
| cmd: dfu 0 ram <dev> |
| (<dev> is not used for RAM target) |
| each element in "dfu_alt_info" = |
| <name> ram <offset> <size> raw access to ram |
| |
| "sf" (serial flash : NOR) |
| cmd: dfu 0 sf <dev> |
| each element in "dfu_alt_info" = |
| <name> ram <offset> <size> raw access to sf device |
| <name> part <dev> <part_id> raw acces to partition |
| <name> partubi <dev> <part_id> raw acces to ubi partition |
| |
| with <partid> is the MTD partition index |
| |
| "mtd" (all MTD device: NAND, SPI-NOR, SPI-NAND,...) |
| cmd: dfu 0 mtd <dev> |
| with <dev> the mtd identifier as defined in mtd command |
| (nand0, nor0, spi-nand0,...) |
| each element in "dfu_alt_info" = |
| <name> raw <offset> <size> raw access to mtd device |
| <name> part <dev> <part_id> raw acces to partition |
| <name> partubi <dev> <part_id> raw acces to ubi partition |
| |
| with <partid> is the MTD partition index |
| |
| "virt" |
| cmd: dfu 0 virt <dev> |
| each element in "dfu_alt_info" = |
| <name> |
| |
| <interface> and <dev> are absent: |
| the dfu command to use multiple devices |
| cmd: dfu 0 list |
| cmd: dfu 0 |
| "dfu_alt_info" variable provides the list of <interface> <dev> with |
| alternate list separated by '&' with the same format for each <alt> |
| mmc <dev>=<alt1>;....;<altN> |
| nand <dev>=<alt1>;....;<altN> |
| ram <dev>=<alt1>;....;<altN> |
| sf <dev>=<alt1>;....;<altN> |
| mtd <dev>=<alt1>;....;<altN> |
| virt <dev>=<alt1>;....;<altN> |
| |
| Callbacks: |
| The weak callback functions can be implemented to manage specific behavior |
| - dfu_initiated_callback : called when the DFU transaction is started, |
| used to initiase the device |
| - dfu_flush_callback : called at the end of the DFU write after DFU |
| manifestation, used to manage the device when |
| DFU transaction is closed |
| |
| Host tools: |
| When U-Boot runs the dfu stack, the DFU host tools can be used |
| to send/receive firmwares on each configurated alternate. |
| |
| For example dfu-util is a host side implementation of the DFU 1.1 |
| specifications(http://dfu-util.sourceforge.net/) which works with U-Boot. |
| |
| Usage: |
| Example 1: firmware located in eMMC or SD card, with: |
| - alternate 1 (alt=1) for SPL partition (GPT partition 1) |
| - alternate 2 (alt=2) for U-Boot partition (GPT partition 2) |
| |
| The U-Boot configuration is: |
| |
| U-Boot> env set dfu_alt_info "spl part 0 1;u-boot part 0 2" |
| |
| U-Boot> dfu 0 mmc 0 list |
| DFU alt settings list: |
| dev: eMMC alt: 0 name: spl layout: RAW_ADDR |
| dev: eMMC alt: 1 name: u-boot layout: RAW_ADDR |
| |
| Boot> dfu 0 mmc 0 |
| |
| On the Host side: |
| |
| list the available alternate setting: |
| |
| $> dfu-util -l |
| dfu-util 0.9 |
| |
| Copyright 2005-2009 Weston Schmidt, Harald Welte and OpenMoko Inc. |
| Copyright 2010-2016 Tormod Volden and Stefan Schmidt |
| This program is Free Software and has ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY |
| Please report bugs to http://sourceforge.net/p/dfu-util/tickets/ |
| |
| Found DFU: [0483:5720] ver=0200, devnum=45, cfg=1, intf=0, path="3-1.3.1", \ |
| alt=1, name="u-boot", serial="003A00203438510D36383238" |
| Found DFU: [0483:5720] ver=0200, devnum=45, cfg=1, intf=0, path="3-1.3.1", \ |
| alt=0, name="spl", serial="003A00203438510D36383238" |
| |
| To download to U-Boot, use -D option |
| |
| $> dfu-util -a 0 -D u-boot-spl.bin |
| $> dfu-util -a 1 -D u-boot.bin |
| |
| To upload from U-Boot, use -U option |
| |
| $> dfu-util -a 0 -U u-boot-spl.bin |
| $> dfu-util -a 1 -U u-boot.bin |
| |
| To request a DFU detach and reset the USB connection: |
| $> dfu-util -a 0 -e -R |
| |
| |
| Example 2: firmware located in NOR (sf) and NAND, with: |
| - alternate 1 (alt=1) for SPL partition (NOR GPT partition 1) |
| - alternate 2 (alt=2) for U-Boot partition (NOR GPT partition 2) |
| - alternate 3 (alt=3) for U-Boot-env partition (NOR GPT partition 3) |
| - alternate 4 (alt=4) for UBI partition (NAND GPT partition 1) |
| |
| U-Boot> env set dfu_alt_info \ |
| "sf 0:0:10000000:0=spl part 0 1;u-boot part 0 2; \ |
| u-boot-env part 0 3&nand 0=UBI partubi 0,1" |
| |
| U-Boot> dfu 0 list |
| |
| DFU alt settings list: |
| dev: SF alt: 0 name: spl layout: RAW_ADDR |
| dev: SF alt: 1 name: ssbl layout: RAW_ADDR |
| dev: SF alt: 2 name: u-boot-env layout: RAW_ADDR |
| dev: NAND alt: 3 name: UBI layout: RAW_ADDR |
| |
| U-Boot> dfu 0 |
| |
| $> dfu-util -l |
| Found DFU: [0483:5720] ver=9999, devnum=96, cfg=1,\ |
| intf=0, alt=3, name="UBI", serial="002700333338511934383330" |
| Found DFU: [0483:5720] ver=9999, devnum=96, cfg=1,\ |
| intf=0, alt=2, name="u-boot-env", serial="002700333338511934383330" |
| Found DFU: [0483:5720] ver=9999, devnum=96, cfg=1,\ |
| intf=0, alt=1, name="u-boot", serial="002700333338511934383330" |
| Found DFU: [0483:5720] ver=9999, devnum=96, cfg=1,\ |
| intf=0, alt=0, name="spl", serial="002700333338511934383330" |
| |
| Same example with MTD backend |
| |
| U-Boot> env set dfu_alt_info \ |
| "mtd nor0=spl part 1;u-boot part 2;u-boot-env part 3&"\ |
| "mtd nand0=UBI partubi 1" |
| |
| U-Boot> dfu 0 list |
| using id 'nor0,0' |
| using id 'nor0,1' |
| using id 'nor0,2' |
| using id 'nand0,0' |
| DFU alt settings list: |
| dev: MTD alt: 0 name: spl layout: RAW_ADDR |
| dev: MTD alt: 1 name: u-boot layout: RAW_ADDR |
| dev: MTD alt: 2 name: u-boot-env layout: RAW_ADDR |
| dev: MTD alt: 3 name: UBI layout: RAW_ADDR |
| |
| Example 3: firmware located in SD Card (mmc) and virtual partition on |
| OTP and PMIC not volatile memory |
| - alternate 1 (alt=1) for scard |
| - alternate 2 (alt=2) for OTP (virtual) |
| - alternate 3 (alt=3) for PMIC NVM (virtual) |
| |
| U-Boot> env set dfu_alt_info \ |
| "mmc 0=sdcard raw 0 0x100000&"\ |
| "virt 0=otp" \ |
| "virt 1=pmic" |
| |
| U-Boot> dfu 0 list |
| DFU alt settings list: |
| dev: eMMC alt: 0 name: sdcard layout: RAW_ADDR |
| dev: VIRT alt: 1 name: otp layout: RAW_ADDR |
| dev: VIRT alt: 2 name: pmic layout: RAW_ADDR |