doc/README.nand - platform/external/u-boot - Gitiles

 NAND FLASH commands and notes

 See NOTE below!!!

 # (C) Copyright 2003
 # Dave Ellis, SIXNET, dge@sixnetio.com
 #
 # See file CREDITS for list of people who contributed to this
 # project.
 #
 # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 # modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
 # published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
 # the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 #
 # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 # GNU General Public License for more details.
 #
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 # Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
 # MA 02111-1307 USA

 Commands:

    nand bad
       Print a list of all of the bad blocks in the current device.

    nand device
       Print information about the current NAND device.

    nand device num
       Make device `num' the current device and print information about it.

    nand erase off|partition size
    nand erase clean [off|partition size]
       Erase `size' bytes starting at offset `off'. Alternatively partition
       name can be specified, in this case size will be eventually limited
       to not exceed partition size (this behaviour applies also to read
       and write commands). Only complete erase blocks can be erased.

       If `erase' is specified without an offset or size, the entire flash
       is erased. If `erase' is specified with partition but without an
       size, the entire partition is erased.

       If `clean' is specified, a JFFS2-style clean marker is written to
       each block after it is erased.

       This command will not erase blocks that are marked bad. There is
       a debug option in cmd_nand.c to allow bad blocks to be erased.
       Please read the warning there before using it, as blocks marked
       bad by the manufacturer must _NEVER_ be erased.

    nand info
       Print information about all of the NAND devices found.

    nand read addr ofs|partition size
       Read `size' bytes from `ofs' in NAND flash to `addr'.  Blocks that
       are marked bad are skipped.  If a page cannot be read because an
       uncorrectable data error is found, the command stops with an error.

    nand read.oob addr ofs|partition size
       Read `size' bytes from the out-of-band data area corresponding to
       `ofs' in NAND flash to `addr'. This is limited to the 16 bytes of
       data for one 512-byte page or 2 256-byte pages. There is no check
       for bad blocks or ECC errors.

    nand write addr ofs|partition size
       Write `size' bytes from `addr' to `ofs' in NAND flash.  Blocks that
       are marked bad are skipped.  If a page cannot be read because an
       uncorrectable data error is found, the command stops with an error.

       As JFFS2 skips blocks similarly, this allows writing a JFFS2 image,
       as long as the image is short enough to fit even after skipping the
       bad blocks.  Compact images, such as those produced by mkfs.jffs2
       should work well, but loading an image copied from another flash is
       going to be trouble if there are any bad blocks.

    nand write.oob addr ofs|partition size
       Write `size' bytes from `addr' to the out-of-band data area
       corresponding to `ofs' in NAND flash. This is limited to the 16 bytes
       of data for one 512-byte page or 2 256-byte pages. There is no check
       for bad blocks.

 Configuration Options:

    CONFIG_CMD_NAND
       Enables NAND support and commmands.

    CONFIG_MTD_NAND_ECC_JFFS2
       Define this if you want the Error Correction Code information in
       the out-of-band data to be formatted to match the JFFS2 file system.
       CONFIG_MTD_NAND_ECC_YAFFS would be another useful choice for
       someone to implement.

    CONFIG_SYS_MAX_NAND_DEVICE
       The maximum number of NAND devices you want to support.

 NAND Interface:

    #define NAND_WAIT_READY(nand)
       Wait until the NAND flash is ready. Typically this would be a
       loop waiting for the READY/BUSY line from the flash to indicate it
       it is ready.

    #define WRITE_NAND_COMMAND(d, adr)
       Write the command byte `d' to the flash at `adr' with the
       CLE (command latch enable) line true. If your board uses writes to
       different addresses to control CLE and ALE, you can modify `adr'
       to be the appropriate address here. If your board uses I/O registers
       to control them, it is probably better to let NAND_CTL_SETCLE()
       and company do it.

    #define WRITE_NAND_ADDRESS(d, adr)
       Write the address byte `d' to the flash at `adr' with the
       ALE (address latch enable) line true. If your board uses writes to
       different addresses to control CLE and ALE, you can modify `adr'
       to be the appropriate address here. If your board uses I/O registers
       to control them, it is probably better to let NAND_CTL_SETALE()
       and company do it.

    #define WRITE_NAND(d, adr)
       Write the data byte `d' to the flash at `adr' with the
       ALE and CLE lines false. If your board uses writes to
       different addresses to control CLE and ALE, you can modify `adr'
       to be the appropriate address here. If your board uses I/O registers
       to control them, it is probably better to let NAND_CTL_CLRALE()
       and company do it.

    #define READ_NAND(adr)
       Read a data byte from the flash at `adr' with the
       ALE and CLE lines false. If your board uses reads from
       different addresses to control CLE and ALE, you can modify `adr'
       to be the appropriate address here. If your board uses I/O registers
       to control them, it is probably better to let NAND_CTL_CLRALE()
       and company do it.

    #define NAND_DISABLE_CE(nand)
       Set CE (Chip Enable) low to enable the NAND flash.

    #define NAND_ENABLE_CE(nand)
       Set CE (Chip Enable) high to disable the NAND flash.

    #define NAND_CTL_CLRALE(nandptr)
       Set ALE (address latch enable) low. If ALE control is handled by
       WRITE_NAND_ADDRESS() this can be empty.

    #define NAND_CTL_SETALE(nandptr)
       Set ALE (address latch enable) high. If ALE control is handled by
       WRITE_NAND_ADDRESS() this can be empty.

    #define NAND_CTL_CLRCLE(nandptr)
       Set CLE (command latch enable) low. If CLE control is handled by
       WRITE_NAND_ADDRESS() this can be empty.

    #define NAND_CTL_SETCLE(nandptr)
       Set CLE (command latch enable) high. If CLE control is handled by
       WRITE_NAND_ADDRESS() this can be empty.

 More Definitions:

    These definitions are needed in the board configuration for now, but
    may really belong in a header file.
    TODO: Figure which ones are truly configuration settings and rename
 	 them to CONFIG_SYS_NAND_... and move the rest somewhere appropriate.

    #define SECTORSIZE 512
    #define ADDR_COLUMN 1
    #define ADDR_PAGE 2
    #define ADDR_COLUMN_PAGE 3
    #define NAND_ChipID_UNKNOWN 0x00
    #define NAND_MAX_FLOORS 1
    #define NAND_MAX_CHIPS 1

    #define CONFIG_SYS_DAVINCI_BROKEN_ECC
       Versions of U-Boot <= 1.3.3 and Montavista Linux kernels
       generated bogus ECCs on large-page NAND. Both large and small page
       NAND ECCs were incompatible with the Linux davinci git tree (since
       NAND was integrated in 2.6.24).
       Turn this ON if you want backwards compatibility.
       Turn this OFF if you want U-Boot and the Linux davinci git kernel
       to use the same ECC format.

 NOTE:
 =====

 We now use a complete rewrite of the NAND code based on what is in
 2.6.12 Linux kernel.

 The old NAND handling code has been re-factored and is now confined
 to only board-specific files and - unfortunately - to the DoC code
 (see below). A new configuration variable has been introduced:
 CONFIG_NAND_LEGACY, which has to be defined in the board config file if
 that board uses legacy code.

 The necessary changes have been made to all affected boards, and no
 build breakage has been introduced, except for NETTA and NETTA_ISDN
 targets from MAKEALL. This is due to the fact that these two boards
 use JFFS, which has been adopted to use the new NAND, and at the same
 time use NAND in legacy mode. The breakage will disappear when the
 board-specific code is changed to the new NAND.

 As mentioned above, the legacy code is still used by the DoC subsystem.
 The consequence of this is that the legacy NAND can't be removed  from
 the tree until the DoC is ported to use the new NAND support (or boards
 with DoC will break).


 Additional improvements to the NAND subsystem by Guido Classen, 10-10-2006

 JFFS2 related commands:

   implement "nand erase clean" and old "nand erase"
   using both the new code which is able to skip bad blocks
   "nand erase clean" additionally writes JFFS2-cleanmarkers in the oob.

 Miscellaneous and testing commands:
   "markbad [offset]"
   create an artificial bad block (for testing bad block handling)

   "scrub [offset length]"
   like "erase" but don't skip bad block. Instead erase them.
   DANGEROUS!!! Factory set bad blocks will be lost. Use only
   to remove artificial bad blocks created with the "markbad" command.


 NAND locking command (for chips with active LOCKPRE pin)

   "nand lock"
   set NAND chip to lock state (all pages locked)

   "nand lock tight"
   set NAND chip to lock tight state (software can't change locking anymore)

   "nand lock status"
   displays current locking status of all pages

   "nand unlock [offset] [size]"
   unlock consecutive area (can be called multiple times for different areas)


 I have tested the code with board containing 128MiB NAND large page chips
 and 32MiB small page chips.
	NAND FLASH commands and notes

	See NOTE below!!!

	# (C) Copyright 2003
	# Dave Ellis, SIXNET, dge@sixnetio.com
	#
	# See file CREDITS for list of people who contributed to this
	# project.
	#
	# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
	# modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
	# published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
	# the License, or (at your option) any later version.
	#
	# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
	# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
	# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
	# GNU General Public License for more details.
	#
	# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
	# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
	# Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
	# MA 02111-1307 USA

	Commands:

	nand bad
	Print a list of all of the bad blocks in the current device.

	nand device
	Print information about the current NAND device.

	nand device num
	Make device `num' the current device and print information about it.

	nand erase off\|partition size
	nand erase clean [off\|partition size]
	Erase `size' bytes starting at offset `off'. Alternatively partition
	name can be specified, in this case size will be eventually limited
	to not exceed partition size (this behaviour applies also to read
	and write commands). Only complete erase blocks can be erased.

	If `erase' is specified without an offset or size, the entire flash
	is erased. If `erase' is specified with partition but without an
	size, the entire partition is erased.

	If `clean' is specified, a JFFS2-style clean marker is written to
	each block after it is erased.

	This command will not erase blocks that are marked bad. There is
	a debug option in cmd_nand.c to allow bad blocks to be erased.
	Please read the warning there before using it, as blocks marked
	bad by the manufacturer must _NEVER_ be erased.

	nand info
	Print information about all of the NAND devices found.

	nand read addr ofs\|partition size
	Read `size' bytes from `ofs' in NAND flash to `addr'. Blocks that
	are marked bad are skipped. If a page cannot be read because an
	uncorrectable data error is found, the command stops with an error.

	nand read.oob addr ofs\|partition size
	Read `size' bytes from the out-of-band data area corresponding to
	`ofs' in NAND flash to `addr'. This is limited to the 16 bytes of
	data for one 512-byte page or 2 256-byte pages. There is no check
	for bad blocks or ECC errors.

	nand write addr ofs\|partition size
	Write `size' bytes from `addr' to `ofs' in NAND flash. Blocks that
	are marked bad are skipped. If a page cannot be read because an
	uncorrectable data error is found, the command stops with an error.

	As JFFS2 skips blocks similarly, this allows writing a JFFS2 image,
	as long as the image is short enough to fit even after skipping the
	bad blocks. Compact images, such as those produced by mkfs.jffs2
	should work well, but loading an image copied from another flash is
	going to be trouble if there are any bad blocks.

	nand write.oob addr ofs\|partition size
	Write `size' bytes from `addr' to the out-of-band data area
	corresponding to `ofs' in NAND flash. This is limited to the 16 bytes
	of data for one 512-byte page or 2 256-byte pages. There is no check
	for bad blocks.

	Configuration Options:

	CONFIG_CMD_NAND
	Enables NAND support and commmands.

	CONFIG_MTD_NAND_ECC_JFFS2
	Define this if you want the Error Correction Code information in
	the out-of-band data to be formatted to match the JFFS2 file system.
	CONFIG_MTD_NAND_ECC_YAFFS would be another useful choice for
	someone to implement.

	CONFIG_SYS_MAX_NAND_DEVICE
	The maximum number of NAND devices you want to support.

	NAND Interface:

	#define NAND_WAIT_READY(nand)
	Wait until the NAND flash is ready. Typically this would be a
	loop waiting for the READY/BUSY line from the flash to indicate it
	it is ready.

	#define WRITE_NAND_COMMAND(d, adr)
	Write the command byte `d' to the flash at `adr' with the
	CLE (command latch enable) line true. If your board uses writes to
	different addresses to control CLE and ALE, you can modify `adr'
	to be the appropriate address here. If your board uses I/O registers
	to control them, it is probably better to let NAND_CTL_SETCLE()
	and company do it.

	#define WRITE_NAND_ADDRESS(d, adr)
	Write the address byte `d' to the flash at `adr' with the
	ALE (address latch enable) line true. If your board uses writes to
	different addresses to control CLE and ALE, you can modify `adr'
	to be the appropriate address here. If your board uses I/O registers
	to control them, it is probably better to let NAND_CTL_SETALE()
	and company do it.

	#define WRITE_NAND(d, adr)
	Write the data byte `d' to the flash at `adr' with the
	ALE and CLE lines false. If your board uses writes to
	different addresses to control CLE and ALE, you can modify `adr'
	to be the appropriate address here. If your board uses I/O registers
	to control them, it is probably better to let NAND_CTL_CLRALE()
	and company do it.

	#define READ_NAND(adr)
	Read a data byte from the flash at `adr' with the
	ALE and CLE lines false. If your board uses reads from
	different addresses to control CLE and ALE, you can modify `adr'
	to be the appropriate address here. If your board uses I/O registers
	to control them, it is probably better to let NAND_CTL_CLRALE()
	and company do it.

	#define NAND_DISABLE_CE(nand)
	Set CE (Chip Enable) low to enable the NAND flash.

	#define NAND_ENABLE_CE(nand)
	Set CE (Chip Enable) high to disable the NAND flash.

	#define NAND_CTL_CLRALE(nandptr)
	Set ALE (address latch enable) low. If ALE control is handled by
	WRITE_NAND_ADDRESS() this can be empty.

	#define NAND_CTL_SETALE(nandptr)
	Set ALE (address latch enable) high. If ALE control is handled by
	WRITE_NAND_ADDRESS() this can be empty.

	#define NAND_CTL_CLRCLE(nandptr)
	Set CLE (command latch enable) low. If CLE control is handled by
	WRITE_NAND_ADDRESS() this can be empty.

	#define NAND_CTL_SETCLE(nandptr)
	Set CLE (command latch enable) high. If CLE control is handled by
	WRITE_NAND_ADDRESS() this can be empty.

	More Definitions:

	These definitions are needed in the board configuration for now, but
	may really belong in a header file.
	TODO: Figure which ones are truly configuration settings and rename
	them to CONFIG_SYS_NAND_... and move the rest somewhere appropriate.

	#define SECTORSIZE 512
	#define ADDR_COLUMN 1
	#define ADDR_PAGE 2
	#define ADDR_COLUMN_PAGE 3
	#define NAND_ChipID_UNKNOWN 0x00
	#define NAND_MAX_FLOORS 1
	#define NAND_MAX_CHIPS 1

	#define CONFIG_SYS_DAVINCI_BROKEN_ECC
	Versions of U-Boot <= 1.3.3 and Montavista Linux kernels
	generated bogus ECCs on large-page NAND. Both large and small page
	NAND ECCs were incompatible with the Linux davinci git tree (since
	NAND was integrated in 2.6.24).
	Turn this ON if you want backwards compatibility.
	Turn this OFF if you want U-Boot and the Linux davinci git kernel
	to use the same ECC format.

	NOTE:
	=====

	We now use a complete rewrite of the NAND code based on what is in
	2.6.12 Linux kernel.

	The old NAND handling code has been re-factored and is now confined
	to only board-specific files and - unfortunately - to the DoC code
	(see below). A new configuration variable has been introduced:
	CONFIG_NAND_LEGACY, which has to be defined in the board config file if
	that board uses legacy code.

	The necessary changes have been made to all affected boards, and no
	build breakage has been introduced, except for NETTA and NETTA_ISDN
	targets from MAKEALL. This is due to the fact that these two boards
	use JFFS, which has been adopted to use the new NAND, and at the same
	time use NAND in legacy mode. The breakage will disappear when the
	board-specific code is changed to the new NAND.

	As mentioned above, the legacy code is still used by the DoC subsystem.
	The consequence of this is that the legacy NAND can't be removed from
	the tree until the DoC is ported to use the new NAND support (or boards
	with DoC will break).


	Additional improvements to the NAND subsystem by Guido Classen, 10-10-2006

	JFFS2 related commands:

	implement "nand erase clean" and old "nand erase"
	using both the new code which is able to skip bad blocks
	"nand erase clean" additionally writes JFFS2-cleanmarkers in the oob.

	Miscellaneous and testing commands:
	"markbad [offset]"
	create an artificial bad block (for testing bad block handling)

	"scrub [offset length]"
	like "erase" but don't skip bad block. Instead erase them.
	DANGEROUS!!! Factory set bad blocks will be lost. Use only
	to remove artificial bad blocks created with the "markbad" command.


	NAND locking command (for chips with active LOCKPRE pin)

	"nand lock"
	set NAND chip to lock state (all pages locked)

	"nand lock tight"
	set NAND chip to lock tight state (software can't change locking anymore)

	"nand lock status"
	displays current locking status of all pages

	"nand unlock [offset] [size]"
	unlock consecutive area (can be called multiple times for different areas)


	I have tested the code with board containing 128MiB NAND large page chips
	and 32MiB small page chips.