doc/README.log - platform/external/u-boot - Gitiles

 Logging in U-Boot
 =================

 Introduction
 ------------

 U-Boot's internal operation involves many different steps and actions. From
 setting up the board to displaying a start-up screen to loading an Operating
 System, there are many component parts each with many actions.

 Most of the time this internal detail is not useful. Displaying it on the
 console would delay booting (U-Boot's primary purpose) and confuse users.

 But for digging into what is happening in a particular area, or for debugging
 a problem it is often useful to see what U-Boot is doing in more detail than
 is visible from the basic console output.

 U-Boot's logging feature aims to satisfy this goal for both users and
 developers.


 Logging levels
 --------------

 There are a number logging levels available, in increasing order of verbosity:

    LOGL_EMERG	- Printed before U-Boot halts
    LOGL_ALERT	- Indicates action must be taken immediate or U-Boot will crash
    LOGL_CRIT	- Indicates a critical error that will cause boot failure
    LOGL_ERR	- Indicates an error that may cause boot failure
    LOGL_WARNING	- Warning about an unexpected condition
    LOGL_NOTE	- Important information about progress
    LOGL_INFO	- Information about normal boot progress
    LOGL_DEBUG	- Debug information (useful for debugging a driver or subsystem)
    LOGL_DEBUG_CONTENT	- Debug message showing full message content
    LOGL_DEBUG_IO	- Debug message showing hardware I/O access


 Logging category
 ----------------

 Logging can come from a wide variety of places within U-Boot. Each log message
 has a category which is intended to allow messages to be filtered according to
 their source.

 The following main categories are defined:

    LOGC_NONE	- Unknown category (e.g. a debug() statement)
    UCLASS_...	- Related to a particular uclass (e.g. UCLASS_USB)
    LOGC_ARCH	- Related to architecture-specific code
    LOGC_BOARD	- Related to board-specific code
    LOGC_CORE	- Related to core driver-model support
    LOGC_DT	- Related to device tree control
    LOGC_EFI	- Related to EFI implementation


 Enabling logging
 ----------------

 The following options are used to enable logging at compile time:

    CONFIG_LOG		- Enables the logging system
    CONFIG_MAX_LOG_LEVEL - Max log level to build (anything higher is compiled
 				out)
    CONFIG_LOG_CONSOLE	- Enable writing log records to the console

 If CONFIG_LOG is not set, then no logging will be available.

 The above have SPL versions also, e.g. CONFIG_SPL_MAX_LOG_LEVEL.


 Temporary logging within a single file
 --------------------------------------

 Sometimes it is useful to turn on logging just in one file. You can use this:

    #define LOG_DEBUG

 to enable building in of all logging statements in a single file. Put it at
 the top of the file, before any #includes.

 To actually get U-Boot to output this you need to also set the default logging
 level - e.g. set CONFIG_LOG_DEFAULT_LEVEL to 7 (LOGL_DEBUG) or more. Otherwise
 debug output is suppressed and will not be generated.


 Convenience functions
 ---------------------

 A number of convenience functions are available to shorten the code needed
 for logging:

 	log_err(_fmt...)
 	log_warning(_fmt...)
 	log_notice(_fmt...)
 	log_info(_fmt...)
 	log_debug(_fmt...)
 	log_content(_fmt...)
 	log_io(_fmt...)

 With these the log level is implicit in the name. The category is set by
 LOG_CATEGORY, which you can only define once per file, above all #includes:

 	#define LOG_CATEGORY LOGC_ALLOC

 or

 	#define LOG_CATEGORY UCLASS_SPI

 Remember that all uclasses IDs are log categories too.


 Log commands
 ------------

 The 'log' command provides access to several features:

    level - access the default log level
    format - access the console log format
    rec - output a log record
    test - run tests

 Type 'help log' for details.


 Using DEBUG
 -----------

 U-Boot has traditionally used a #define called DEBUG to enable debugging on a
 file-by-file basis. The debug() macro compiles to a printf() statement if
 DEBUG is enabled, and an empty statement if not.

 With logging enabled, debug() statements are interpreted as logging output
 with a level of LOGL_DEBUG and a category of LOGC_NONE.

 The logging facilities are intended to replace DEBUG, but if DEBUG is defined
 at the top of a file, then it takes precedence. This means that debug()
 statements will result in output to the console and this output will not be
 logged.


 Logging destinations
 --------------------

 If logging information goes nowhere then it serves no purpose. U-Boot provides
 several possible determinations for logging information, all of which can be
 enabled or disabled independently:

    console - goes to stdout
    syslog - broadcast RFC 3164 messages to syslog servers on UDP port 514

 The syslog driver sends the value of environmental variable 'log_hostname' as
 HOSTNAME if available.

 Log format
 ----------

 You can control the log format using the 'log format' command. The basic
 format is:

    LEVEL.category,file.c:123-func() message

 In the above, file.c:123 is the filename where the log record was generated and
 func() is the function name. By default ('log format default') only the
 function name and message are displayed on the console. You can control which
 fields are present, but not the field order.


 Filters
 -------

 Filters are attached to log drivers to control what those drivers emit. Only
 records that pass through the filter make it to the driver.

 Filters can be based on several criteria:

    - maximum log level
    - in a set of categories
    - in a set of files

 If no filters are attached to a driver then a default filter is used, which
 limits output to records with a level less than CONFIG_LOG_MAX_LEVEL.


 Logging statements
 ------------------

 The main logging function is:

    log(category, level, format_string, ...)

 Also debug() and error() will generate log records  - these use LOG_CATEGORY
 as the category, so you should #define this right at the top of the source
 file to ensure the category is correct.

 You can also define CONFIG_LOG_ERROR_RETURN to enable the log_ret() macro. This
 can be used whenever your function returns an error value:

    return log_ret(uclass_first_device(UCLASS_MMC, &dev));

 This will write a log record when an error code is detected (a value < 0). This
 can make it easier to trace errors that are generated deep in the call stack.


 Code size
 ---------

 Code size impact depends largely on what is enabled. The following numbers are
 generated by 'buildman -S' for snow, which is a Thumb-2 board (all units in
 bytes):

 This series: adds bss +20.0 data +4.0 rodata +4.0 text +44.0
 CONFIG_LOG: bss -52.0 data +92.0 rodata -635.0 text +1048.0
 CONFIG_LOG_MAX_LEVEL=7: bss +188.0 data +4.0 rodata +49183.0 text +98124.0

 The last option turns every debug() statement into a logging call, which
 bloats the code hugely. The advantage is that it is then possible to enable
 all logging within U-Boot.


 To Do
 -----

 There are lots of useful additions that could be made. None of the below is
 implemented! If you do one, please add a test in test/py/tests/test_log.py

 Convenience functions to support setting the category:

    log_arch(level, format_string, ...) - category LOGC_ARCH
    log_board(level, format_string, ...) - category LOGC_BOARD
    log_core(level, format_string, ...) - category LOGC_CORE
    log_dt(level, format_string, ...) - category LOGC_DT

 More logging destinations:

    device - goes to a device (e.g. serial)
    buffer - recorded in a memory buffer

 Convert debug() statements in the code to log() statements

 Support making printf() emit log statements a L_INFO level

 Convert error() statements in the code to log() statements

 Figure out what to do with BUG(), BUG_ON() and warn_non_spl()

 Figure out what to do with assert()

 Add a way to browse log records

 Add a way to record log records for browsing using an external tool

 Add commands to add and remove filters

 Add commands to add and remove log devices

 Allow sharing of printf format strings in log records to reduce storage size
 for large numbers of log records

 Add a command-line option to sandbox to set the default logging level

 Convert core driver model code to use logging

 Convert uclasses to use logging with the correct category

 Consider making log() calls emit an automatic newline, perhaps with a logn()
    function to avoid that

 Passing log records through to linux (e.g. via device tree /chosen)

 Provide a command to access the number of log records generated, and the
 number dropped due to them being generated before the log system was ready.

 Add a printf() format string pragma so that log statements are checked properly

 Enhance the log console driver to show level / category / file / line
 information

 Add a command to add new log records and delete existing records.

 Provide additional log() functions - e.g. logc() to specify the category

 --
 Simon Glass <sjg@chromium.org>
 15-Sep-17
	Logging in U-Boot
	=================

	Introduction
	------------

	U-Boot's internal operation involves many different steps and actions. From
	setting up the board to displaying a start-up screen to loading an Operating
	System, there are many component parts each with many actions.

	Most of the time this internal detail is not useful. Displaying it on the
	console would delay booting (U-Boot's primary purpose) and confuse users.

	But for digging into what is happening in a particular area, or for debugging
	a problem it is often useful to see what U-Boot is doing in more detail than
	is visible from the basic console output.

	U-Boot's logging feature aims to satisfy this goal for both users and
	developers.


	Logging levels
	--------------

	There are a number logging levels available, in increasing order of verbosity:

	LOGL_EMERG - Printed before U-Boot halts
	LOGL_ALERT - Indicates action must be taken immediate or U-Boot will crash
	LOGL_CRIT - Indicates a critical error that will cause boot failure
	LOGL_ERR - Indicates an error that may cause boot failure
	LOGL_WARNING - Warning about an unexpected condition
	LOGL_NOTE - Important information about progress
	LOGL_INFO - Information about normal boot progress
	LOGL_DEBUG - Debug information (useful for debugging a driver or subsystem)
	LOGL_DEBUG_CONTENT - Debug message showing full message content
	LOGL_DEBUG_IO - Debug message showing hardware I/O access


	Logging category
	----------------

	Logging can come from a wide variety of places within U-Boot. Each log message
	has a category which is intended to allow messages to be filtered according to
	their source.

	The following main categories are defined:

	LOGC_NONE - Unknown category (e.g. a debug() statement)
	UCLASS_... - Related to a particular uclass (e.g. UCLASS_USB)
	LOGC_ARCH - Related to architecture-specific code
	LOGC_BOARD - Related to board-specific code
	LOGC_CORE - Related to core driver-model support
	LOGC_DT - Related to device tree control
	LOGC_EFI - Related to EFI implementation


	Enabling logging
	----------------

	The following options are used to enable logging at compile time:

	CONFIG_LOG - Enables the logging system
	CONFIG_MAX_LOG_LEVEL - Max log level to build (anything higher is compiled
	out)
	CONFIG_LOG_CONSOLE - Enable writing log records to the console

	If CONFIG_LOG is not set, then no logging will be available.

	The above have SPL versions also, e.g. CONFIG_SPL_MAX_LOG_LEVEL.


	Temporary logging within a single file
	--------------------------------------

	Sometimes it is useful to turn on logging just in one file. You can use this:

	#define LOG_DEBUG

	to enable building in of all logging statements in a single file. Put it at
	the top of the file, before any #includes.

	To actually get U-Boot to output this you need to also set the default logging
	level - e.g. set CONFIG_LOG_DEFAULT_LEVEL to 7 (LOGL_DEBUG) or more. Otherwise
	debug output is suppressed and will not be generated.


	Convenience functions
	---------------------

	A number of convenience functions are available to shorten the code needed
	for logging:

	log_err(_fmt...)
	log_warning(_fmt...)
	log_notice(_fmt...)
	log_info(_fmt...)
	log_debug(_fmt...)
	log_content(_fmt...)
	log_io(_fmt...)

	With these the log level is implicit in the name. The category is set by
	LOG_CATEGORY, which you can only define once per file, above all #includes:

	#define LOG_CATEGORY LOGC_ALLOC

	or

	#define LOG_CATEGORY UCLASS_SPI

	Remember that all uclasses IDs are log categories too.


	Log commands
	------------

	The 'log' command provides access to several features:

	level - access the default log level
	format - access the console log format
	rec - output a log record
	test - run tests

	Type 'help log' for details.


	Using DEBUG
	-----------

	U-Boot has traditionally used a #define called DEBUG to enable debugging on a
	file-by-file basis. The debug() macro compiles to a printf() statement if
	DEBUG is enabled, and an empty statement if not.

	With logging enabled, debug() statements are interpreted as logging output
	with a level of LOGL_DEBUG and a category of LOGC_NONE.

	The logging facilities are intended to replace DEBUG, but if DEBUG is defined
	at the top of a file, then it takes precedence. This means that debug()
	statements will result in output to the console and this output will not be
	logged.


	Logging destinations
	--------------------

	If logging information goes nowhere then it serves no purpose. U-Boot provides
	several possible determinations for logging information, all of which can be
	enabled or disabled independently:

	console - goes to stdout
	syslog - broadcast RFC 3164 messages to syslog servers on UDP port 514

	The syslog driver sends the value of environmental variable 'log_hostname' as
	HOSTNAME if available.

	Log format
	----------

	You can control the log format using the 'log format' command. The basic
	format is:

	LEVEL.category,file.c:123-func() message

	In the above, file.c:123 is the filename where the log record was generated and
	func() is the function name. By default ('log format default') only the
	function name and message are displayed on the console. You can control which
	fields are present, but not the field order.


	Filters
	-------

	Filters are attached to log drivers to control what those drivers emit. Only
	records that pass through the filter make it to the driver.

	Filters can be based on several criteria:

	- maximum log level
	- in a set of categories
	- in a set of files

	If no filters are attached to a driver then a default filter is used, which
	limits output to records with a level less than CONFIG_LOG_MAX_LEVEL.


	Logging statements
	------------------

	The main logging function is:

	log(category, level, format_string, ...)

	Also debug() and error() will generate log records - these use LOG_CATEGORY
	as the category, so you should #define this right at the top of the source
	file to ensure the category is correct.

	You can also define CONFIG_LOG_ERROR_RETURN to enable the log_ret() macro. This
	can be used whenever your function returns an error value:

	return log_ret(uclass_first_device(UCLASS_MMC, &dev));

	This will write a log record when an error code is detected (a value < 0). This
	can make it easier to trace errors that are generated deep in the call stack.


	Code size
	---------

	Code size impact depends largely on what is enabled. The following numbers are
	generated by 'buildman -S' for snow, which is a Thumb-2 board (all units in
	bytes):

	This series: adds bss +20.0 data +4.0 rodata +4.0 text +44.0
	CONFIG_LOG: bss -52.0 data +92.0 rodata -635.0 text +1048.0
	CONFIG_LOG_MAX_LEVEL=7: bss +188.0 data +4.0 rodata +49183.0 text +98124.0

	The last option turns every debug() statement into a logging call, which
	bloats the code hugely. The advantage is that it is then possible to enable
	all logging within U-Boot.


	To Do
	-----

	There are lots of useful additions that could be made. None of the below is
	implemented! If you do one, please add a test in test/py/tests/test_log.py

	Convenience functions to support setting the category:

	log_arch(level, format_string, ...) - category LOGC_ARCH
	log_board(level, format_string, ...) - category LOGC_BOARD
	log_core(level, format_string, ...) - category LOGC_CORE
	log_dt(level, format_string, ...) - category LOGC_DT

	More logging destinations:

	device - goes to a device (e.g. serial)
	buffer - recorded in a memory buffer

	Convert debug() statements in the code to log() statements

	Support making printf() emit log statements a L_INFO level

	Convert error() statements in the code to log() statements

	Figure out what to do with BUG(), BUG_ON() and warn_non_spl()

	Figure out what to do with assert()

	Add a way to browse log records

	Add a way to record log records for browsing using an external tool

	Add commands to add and remove filters

	Add commands to add and remove log devices

	Allow sharing of printf format strings in log records to reduce storage size
	for large numbers of log records

	Add a command-line option to sandbox to set the default logging level

	Convert core driver model code to use logging

	Convert uclasses to use logging with the correct category

	Consider making log() calls emit an automatic newline, perhaps with a logn()
	function to avoid that

	Passing log records through to linux (e.g. via device tree /chosen)

	Provide a command to access the number of log records generated, and the
	number dropped due to them being generated before the log system was ready.

	Add a printf() format string pragma so that log statements are checked properly

	Enhance the log console driver to show level / category / file / line
	information

	Add a command to add new log records and delete existing records.

	Provide additional log() functions - e.g. logc() to specify the category

	--
	Simon Glass <sjg@chromium.org>
	15-Sep-17