tools/mkimage.c - platform/external/u-boot - Gitiles

 /*
  * (C) Copyright 2008 Semihalf
  *
  * (C) Copyright 2000-2009
  * DENX Software Engineering
  * Wolfgang Denk, wd@denx.de
  *
  * SPDX-License-Identifier:	GPL-2.0+
  */

 #include "mkimage.h"
 #include <image.h>
 #include <version.h>

 static void copy_file(int, const char *, int);
 static void usage(void);

 /* image_type_params link list to maintain registered image type supports */
 struct image_type_params *mkimage_tparams = NULL;

 /* parameters initialized by core will be used by the image type code */
 struct mkimage_params params = {
 	.os = IH_OS_LINUX,
 	.arch = IH_ARCH_PPC,
 	.type = IH_TYPE_KERNEL,
 	.comp = IH_COMP_GZIP,
 	.dtc = MKIMAGE_DEFAULT_DTC_OPTIONS,
 	.imagename = "",
 	.imagename2 = "",
 };

 /*
  * mkimage_register -
  *
  * It is used to register respective image generation/list support to the
  * mkimage core
  *
  * the input struct image_type_params is checked and appended to the link
  * list, if the input structure is already registered, error
  */
 void mkimage_register (struct image_type_params *tparams)
 {
 	struct image_type_params **tp;

 	if (!tparams) {
 		fprintf (stderr, "%s: %s: Null input\n",
 			params.cmdname, __FUNCTION__);
 		exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 	}

 	/* scan the linked list, check for registry and point the last one */
 	for (tp = &mkimage_tparams; *tp != NULL; tp = &(*tp)->next) {
 		if (!strcmp((*tp)->name, tparams->name)) {
 			fprintf (stderr, "%s: %s already registered\n",
 				params.cmdname, tparams->name);
 			return;
 		}
 	}

 	/* add input struct entry at the end of link list */
 	*tp = tparams;
 	/* mark input entry as last entry in the link list */
 	tparams->next = NULL;

 	debug ("Registered %s\n", tparams->name);
 }

 /*
  * mkimage_get_type -
  *
  * It scans all registers image type supports
  * checks the input type_id for each supported image type
  *
  * if successful,
  * 	returns respective image_type_params pointer if success
  * if input type_id is not supported by any of image_type_support
  * 	returns NULL
  */
 struct image_type_params *mkimage_get_type(int type)
 {
 	struct image_type_params *curr;

 	for (curr = mkimage_tparams; curr != NULL; curr = curr->next) {
 		if (curr->check_image_type) {
 			if (!curr->check_image_type (type))
 				return curr;
 		}
 	}
 	return NULL;
 }

 /*
  * mkimage_verify_print_header -
  *
  * It scans mkimage_tparams link list,
  * verifies image_header for each supported image type
  * if verification is successful, prints respective header
  *
  * returns negative if input image format does not match with any of
  * supported image types
  */
 int mkimage_verify_print_header (void *ptr, struct stat *sbuf)
 {
 	int retval = -1;
 	struct image_type_params *curr;

 	for (curr = mkimage_tparams; curr != NULL; curr = curr->next ) {
 		if (curr->verify_header) {
 			retval = curr->verify_header (
 				(unsigned char *)ptr, sbuf->st_size,
 				&params);

 			if (retval == 0) {
 				/*
 				 * Print the image information
 				 * if verify is successful
 				 */
 				if (curr->print_header)
 					curr->print_header (ptr);
 				else {
 					fprintf (stderr,
 					"%s: print_header undefined for %s\n",
 					params.cmdname, curr->name);
 				}
 				break;
 			}
 		}
 	}
 	return retval;
 }

 int
 main (int argc, char **argv)
 {
 	int ifd = -1;
 	struct stat sbuf;
 	char *ptr;
 	int retval = 0;
 	struct image_type_params *tparams = NULL;
 	int pad_len = 0;

 	/* Init Freescale PBL Boot image generation/list support */
 	init_pbl_image_type();
 	/* Init Kirkwood Boot image generation/list support */
 	init_kwb_image_type ();
 	/* Init Freescale imx Boot image generation/list support */
 	init_imx_image_type ();
 	/* Init Freescale mxs Boot image generation/list support */
 	init_mxs_image_type();
 	/* Init FIT image generation/list support */
 	init_fit_image_type ();
 	/* Init TI OMAP Boot image generation/list support */
 	init_omap_image_type();
 	/* Init Default image generation/list support */
 	init_default_image_type ();
 	/* Init Davinci UBL support */
 	init_ubl_image_type();
 	/* Init Davinci AIS support */
 	init_ais_image_type();

 	params.cmdname = *argv;
 	params.addr = params.ep = 0;

 	while (--argc > 0 && **++argv == '-') {
 		while (*++*argv) {
 			switch (**argv) {
 			case 'l':
 				params.lflag = 1;
 				break;
 			case 'A':
 				if ((--argc <= 0) ||
 					(params.arch =
 					genimg_get_arch_id (*++argv)) < 0)
 					usage ();
 				goto NXTARG;
 			case 'c':
 				if (--argc <= 0)
 					usage();
 				params.comment = *++argv;
 				goto NXTARG;
 			case 'C':
 				if ((--argc <= 0) ||
 					(params.comp =
 					genimg_get_comp_id (*++argv)) < 0)
 					usage ();
 				goto NXTARG;
 			case 'D':
 				if (--argc <= 0)
 					usage ();
 				params.dtc = *++argv;
 				goto NXTARG;

 			case 'O':
 				if ((--argc <= 0) ||
 					(params.os =
 					genimg_get_os_id (*++argv)) < 0)
 					usage ();
 				goto NXTARG;
 			case 'T':
 				if ((--argc <= 0) ||
 					(params.type =
 					genimg_get_type_id (*++argv)) < 0)
 					usage ();
 				goto NXTARG;

 			case 'a':
 				if (--argc <= 0)
 					usage ();
 				params.addr = strtoul (*++argv, &ptr, 16);
 				if (*ptr) {
 					fprintf (stderr,
 						"%s: invalid load address %s\n",
 						params.cmdname, *argv);
 					exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 				}
 				goto NXTARG;
 			case 'd':
 				if (--argc <= 0)
 					usage ();
 				params.datafile = *++argv;
 				params.dflag = 1;
 				goto NXTARG;
 			case 'e':
 				if (--argc <= 0)
 					usage ();
 				params.ep = strtoul (*++argv, &ptr, 16);
 				if (*ptr) {
 					fprintf (stderr,
 						"%s: invalid entry point %s\n",
 						params.cmdname, *argv);
 					exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 				}
 				params.eflag = 1;
 				goto NXTARG;
 			case 'f':
 				if (--argc <= 0)
 					usage ();
 				params.datafile = *++argv;
 				/* no break */
 			case 'F':
 				/*
 				 * The flattened image tree (FIT) format
 				 * requires a flattened device tree image type
 				 */
 				params.type = IH_TYPE_FLATDT;
 				params.fflag = 1;
 				goto NXTARG;
 			case 'k':
 				if (--argc <= 0)
 					usage();
 				params.keydir = *++argv;
 				goto NXTARG;
 			case 'K':
 				if (--argc <= 0)
 					usage();
 				params.keydest = *++argv;
 				goto NXTARG;
 			case 'n':
 				if (--argc <= 0)
 					usage ();
 				params.imagename = *++argv;
 				goto NXTARG;
 			case 'r':
 				params.require_keys = 1;
 				break;
 			case 'R':
 				if (--argc <= 0)
 					usage();
 				/*
 				 * This entry is for the second configuration
 				 * file, if only one is not enough.
 				 */
 				params.imagename2 = *++argv;
 				goto NXTARG;
 			case 's':
 				params.skipcpy = 1;
 				break;
 			case 'v':
 				params.vflag++;
 				break;
 			case 'V':
 				printf("mkimage version %s\n", PLAIN_VERSION);
 				exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
 			case 'x':
 				params.xflag++;
 				break;
 			default:
 				usage ();
 			}
 		}
 NXTARG:		;
 	}

 	if (argc != 1)
 		usage ();

 	/* set tparams as per input type_id */
 	tparams = mkimage_get_type(params.type);
 	if (tparams == NULL) {
 		fprintf (stderr, "%s: unsupported type %s\n",
 			params.cmdname, genimg_get_type_name(params.type));
 		exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 	}

 	/*
 	 * check the passed arguments parameters meets the requirements
 	 * as per image type to be generated/listed
 	 */
 	if (tparams->check_params)
 		if (tparams->check_params (&params))
 			usage ();

 	if (!params.eflag) {
 		params.ep = params.addr;
 		/* If XIP, entry point must be after the U-Boot header */
 		if (params.xflag)
 			params.ep += tparams->header_size;
 	}

 	params.imagefile = *argv;

 	if (params.fflag){
 		if (tparams->fflag_handle)
 			/*
 			 * in some cases, some additional processing needs
 			 * to be done if fflag is defined
 			 *
 			 * For ex. fit_handle_file for Fit file support
 			 */
 			retval = tparams->fflag_handle(&params);

 		if (retval != EXIT_SUCCESS)
 			exit (retval);
 	}

 	if (params.lflag || params.fflag) {
 		ifd = open (params.imagefile, O_RDONLY|O_BINARY);
 	} else {
 		ifd = open (params.imagefile,
 			O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC|O_BINARY, 0666);
 	}

 	if (ifd < 0) {
 		fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't open %s: %s\n",
 			params.cmdname, params.imagefile,
 			strerror(errno));
 		exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 	}

 	if (params.lflag || params.fflag) {
 		/*
 		 * list header information of existing image
 		 */
 		if (fstat(ifd, &sbuf) < 0) {
 			fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't stat %s: %s\n",
 				params.cmdname, params.imagefile,
 				strerror(errno));
 			exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 		}

 		if ((unsigned)sbuf.st_size < tparams->header_size) {
 			fprintf (stderr,
 				"%s: Bad size: \"%s\" is not valid image\n",
 				params.cmdname, params.imagefile);
 			exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 		}

 		ptr = mmap(0, sbuf.st_size, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, ifd, 0);
 		if (ptr == MAP_FAILED) {
 			fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't read %s: %s\n",
 				params.cmdname, params.imagefile,
 				strerror(errno));
 			exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 		}

 		/*
 		 * scan through mkimage registry for all supported image types
 		 * and verify the input image file header for match
 		 * Print the image information for matched image type
 		 * Returns the error code if not matched
 		 */
 		retval = mkimage_verify_print_header (ptr, &sbuf);

 		(void) munmap((void *)ptr, sbuf.st_size);
 		(void) close (ifd);

 		exit (retval);
 	}

 	/*
 	 * In case there an header with a variable
 	 * length will be added, the corresponding
 	 * function is called. This is responsible to
 	 * allocate memory for the header itself.
 	 */
 	if (tparams->vrec_header)
 		pad_len = tparams->vrec_header(&params, tparams);
 	else
 		memset(tparams->hdr, 0, tparams->header_size);

 	if (write(ifd, tparams->hdr, tparams->header_size)
 					!= tparams->header_size) {
 		fprintf (stderr, "%s: Write error on %s: %s\n",
 			params.cmdname, params.imagefile, strerror(errno));
 		exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 	}

 	if (!params.skipcpy) {
 		if (params.type == IH_TYPE_MULTI ||
 		    params.type == IH_TYPE_SCRIPT) {
 			char *file = params.datafile;
 			uint32_t size;

 			for (;;) {
 				char *sep = NULL;

 				if (file) {
 					if ((sep = strchr(file, ':')) != NULL) {
 						*sep = '\0';
 					}

 					if (stat (file, &sbuf) < 0) {
 						fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't stat %s: %s\n",
 							 params.cmdname, file, strerror(errno));
 						exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 					}
 					size = cpu_to_uimage (sbuf.st_size);
 				} else {
 					size = 0;
 				}

 				if (write(ifd, (char *)&size, sizeof(size)) != sizeof(size)) {
 					fprintf (stderr, "%s: Write error on %s: %s\n",
 						 params.cmdname, params.imagefile,
 						 strerror(errno));
 					exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 				}

 				if (!file) {
 					break;
 				}

 				if (sep) {
 					*sep = ':';
 					file = sep + 1;
 				} else {
 					file = NULL;
 				}
 			}

 			file = params.datafile;

 			for (;;) {
 				char *sep = strchr(file, ':');
 				if (sep) {
 					*sep = '\0';
 					copy_file (ifd, file, 1);
 					*sep++ = ':';
 					file = sep;
 				} else {
 					copy_file (ifd, file, 0);
 					break;
 				}
 			}
 		} else if (params.type == IH_TYPE_PBLIMAGE) {
 			/* PBL has special Image format, implements its' own */
 			pbl_load_uboot(ifd, &params);
 		} else {
 			copy_file(ifd, params.datafile, pad_len);
 		}
 	}

 	/* We're a bit of paranoid */
 #if defined(_POSIX_SYNCHRONIZED_IO) && \
    !defined(__sun__) && \
    !defined(__FreeBSD__) && \
    !defined(__APPLE__)
 	(void) fdatasync (ifd);
 #else
 	(void) fsync (ifd);
 #endif

 	if (fstat(ifd, &sbuf) < 0) {
 		fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't stat %s: %s\n",
 			params.cmdname, params.imagefile, strerror(errno));
 		exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 	}

 	ptr = mmap(0, sbuf.st_size, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, ifd, 0);
 	if (ptr == MAP_FAILED) {
 		fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't map %s: %s\n",
 			params.cmdname, params.imagefile, strerror(errno));
 		exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 	}

 	/* Setup the image header as per input image type*/
 	if (tparams->set_header)
 		tparams->set_header (ptr, &sbuf, ifd, &params);
 	else {
 		fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't set header for %s: %s\n",
 			params.cmdname, tparams->name, strerror(errno));
 		exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 	}

 	/* Print the image information by processing image header */
 	if (tparams->print_header)
 		tparams->print_header (ptr);
 	else {
 		fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't print header for %s: %s\n",
 			params.cmdname, tparams->name, strerror(errno));
 		exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 	}

 	(void) munmap((void *)ptr, sbuf.st_size);

 	/* We're a bit of paranoid */
 #if defined(_POSIX_SYNCHRONIZED_IO) && \
    !defined(__sun__) && \
    !defined(__FreeBSD__) && \
    !defined(__APPLE__)
 	(void) fdatasync (ifd);
 #else
 	(void) fsync (ifd);
 #endif

 	if (close(ifd)) {
 		fprintf (stderr, "%s: Write error on %s: %s\n",
 			params.cmdname, params.imagefile, strerror(errno));
 		exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 	}

 	exit (EXIT_SUCCESS);
 }

 static void
 copy_file (int ifd, const char *datafile, int pad)
 {
 	int dfd;
 	struct stat sbuf;
 	unsigned char *ptr;
 	int tail;
 	int zero = 0;
 	uint8_t zeros[4096];
 	int offset = 0;
 	int size;
 	struct image_type_params *tparams = mkimage_get_type (params.type);

 	if (pad >= sizeof(zeros)) {
 		fprintf(stderr, "%s: Can't pad to %d\n",
 			params.cmdname, pad);
 		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 	}

 	memset(zeros, 0, sizeof(zeros));

 	if (params.vflag) {
 		fprintf (stderr, "Adding Image %s\n", datafile);
 	}

 	if ((dfd = open(datafile, O_RDONLY|O_BINARY)) < 0) {
 		fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't open %s: %s\n",
 			params.cmdname, datafile, strerror(errno));
 		exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 	}

 	if (fstat(dfd, &sbuf) < 0) {
 		fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't stat %s: %s\n",
 			params.cmdname, datafile, strerror(errno));
 		exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 	}

 	ptr = mmap(0, sbuf.st_size, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, dfd, 0);
 	if (ptr == MAP_FAILED) {
 		fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't read %s: %s\n",
 			params.cmdname, datafile, strerror(errno));
 		exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 	}

 	if (params.xflag) {
 		unsigned char *p = NULL;
 		/*
 		 * XIP: do not append the image_header_t at the
 		 * beginning of the file, but consume the space
 		 * reserved for it.
 		 */

 		if ((unsigned)sbuf.st_size < tparams->header_size) {
 			fprintf (stderr,
 				"%s: Bad size: \"%s\" is too small for XIP\n",
 				params.cmdname, datafile);
 			exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 		}

 		for (p = ptr; p < ptr + tparams->header_size; p++) {
 			if ( *p != 0xff ) {
 				fprintf (stderr,
 					"%s: Bad file: \"%s\" has invalid buffer for XIP\n",
 					params.cmdname, datafile);
 				exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 			}
 		}

 		offset = tparams->header_size;
 	}

 	size = sbuf.st_size - offset;
 	if (write(ifd, ptr + offset, size) != size) {
 		fprintf (stderr, "%s: Write error on %s: %s\n",
 			params.cmdname, params.imagefile, strerror(errno));
 		exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 	}

 	tail = size % 4;
 	if ((pad == 1) && (tail != 0)) {

 		if (write(ifd, (char *)&zero, 4-tail) != 4-tail) {
 			fprintf (stderr, "%s: Write error on %s: %s\n",
 				params.cmdname, params.imagefile,
 				strerror(errno));
 			exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 		}
 	} else if (pad > 1) {
 		if (write(ifd, (char *)&zeros, pad) != pad) {
 			fprintf(stderr, "%s: Write error on %s: %s\n",
 				params.cmdname, params.imagefile,
 				strerror(errno));
 			exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 		}
 	}

 	(void) munmap((void *)ptr, sbuf.st_size);
 	(void) close (dfd);
 }

 static void usage(void)
 {
 	fprintf (stderr, "Usage: %s -l image\n"
 			 "          -l ==> list image header information\n",
 		params.cmdname);
 	fprintf (stderr, "       %s [-x] -A arch -O os -T type -C comp "
 			 "-a addr -e ep -n name -d data_file[:data_file...] image\n"
 			 "          -A ==> set architecture to 'arch'\n"
 			 "          -O ==> set operating system to 'os'\n"
 			 "          -T ==> set image type to 'type'\n"
 			 "          -C ==> set compression type 'comp'\n"
 			 "          -a ==> set load address to 'addr' (hex)\n"
 			 "          -e ==> set entry point to 'ep' (hex)\n"
 			 "          -n ==> set image name to 'name'\n"
 			 "          -d ==> use image data from 'datafile'\n"
 			 "          -x ==> set XIP (execute in place)\n",
 		params.cmdname);
 	fprintf(stderr, "       %s [-D dtc_options] [-f fit-image.its|-F] fit-image\n",
 		params.cmdname);
 	fprintf(stderr, "          -D => set options for device tree compiler\n"
 			"          -f => input filename for FIT source\n");
 #ifdef CONFIG_FIT_SIGNATURE
 	fprintf(stderr, "Signing / verified boot options: [-k keydir] [-K dtb] [ -c <comment>] [-r]\n"
 			"          -k => set directory containing private keys\n"
 			"          -K => write public keys to this .dtb file\n"
 			"          -c => add comment in signature node\n"
 			"          -F => re-sign existing FIT image\n"
 			"          -r => mark keys used as 'required' in dtb\n");
 #else
 	fprintf(stderr, "Signing / verified boot not supported (CONFIG_FIT_SIGNATURE undefined)\n");
 #endif
 	fprintf (stderr, "       %s -V ==> print version information and exit\n",
 		params.cmdname);

 	exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 }
	/*
	* (C) Copyright 2008 Semihalf
	*
	* (C) Copyright 2000-2009
	* DENX Software Engineering
	* Wolfgang Denk, wd@denx.de
	*
	* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
	*/

	#include "mkimage.h"
	#include <image.h>
	#include <version.h>

	static void copy_file(int, const char *, int);
	static void usage(void);

	/* image_type_params link list to maintain registered image type supports */
	struct image_type_params *mkimage_tparams = NULL;

	/* parameters initialized by core will be used by the image type code */
	struct mkimage_params params = {
	.os = IH_OS_LINUX,
	.arch = IH_ARCH_PPC,
	.type = IH_TYPE_KERNEL,
	.comp = IH_COMP_GZIP,
	.dtc = MKIMAGE_DEFAULT_DTC_OPTIONS,
	.imagename = "",
	.imagename2 = "",
	};

	/*
	* mkimage_register -
	*
	* It is used to register respective image generation/list support to the
	* mkimage core
	*
	* the input struct image_type_params is checked and appended to the link
	* list, if the input structure is already registered, error
	*/
	void mkimage_register (struct image_type_params *tparams)
	{
	struct image_type_params **tp;

	if (!tparams) {
	fprintf (stderr, "%s: %s: Null input\n",
	params.cmdname, __FUNCTION__);
	exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	/* scan the linked list, check for registry and point the last one */
	for (tp = &mkimage_tparams; tp != NULL; tp = &(tp)->next) {
	if (!strcmp((*tp)->name, tparams->name)) {
	fprintf (stderr, "%s: %s already registered\n",
	params.cmdname, tparams->name);
	return;
	}
	}

	/* add input struct entry at the end of link list */
	*tp = tparams;
	/* mark input entry as last entry in the link list */
	tparams->next = NULL;

	debug ("Registered %s\n", tparams->name);
	}

	/*
	* mkimage_get_type -
	*
	* It scans all registers image type supports
	* checks the input type_id for each supported image type
	*
	* if successful,
	* returns respective image_type_params pointer if success
	* if input type_id is not supported by any of image_type_support
	* returns NULL
	*/
	struct image_type_params *mkimage_get_type(int type)
	{
	struct image_type_params *curr;

	for (curr = mkimage_tparams; curr != NULL; curr = curr->next) {
	if (curr->check_image_type) {
	if (!curr->check_image_type (type))
	return curr;
	}
	}
	return NULL;
	}

	/*
	* mkimage_verify_print_header -
	*
	* It scans mkimage_tparams link list,
	* verifies image_header for each supported image type
	* if verification is successful, prints respective header
	*
	* returns negative if input image format does not match with any of
	* supported image types
	*/
	int mkimage_verify_print_header (void ptr, struct stat sbuf)
	{
	int retval = -1;
	struct image_type_params *curr;

	for (curr = mkimage_tparams; curr != NULL; curr = curr->next ) {
	if (curr->verify_header) {
	retval = curr->verify_header (
	(unsigned char *)ptr, sbuf->st_size,
	&params);

	if (retval == 0) {
	/*
	* Print the image information
	* if verify is successful
	*/
	if (curr->print_header)
	curr->print_header (ptr);
	else {
	fprintf (stderr,
	"%s: print_header undefined for %s\n",
	params.cmdname, curr->name);
	}
	break;
	}
	}
	}
	return retval;
	}

	int
	main (int argc, char **argv)
	{
	int ifd = -1;
	struct stat sbuf;
	char *ptr;
	int retval = 0;
	struct image_type_params *tparams = NULL;
	int pad_len = 0;

	/* Init Freescale PBL Boot image generation/list support */
	init_pbl_image_type();
	/* Init Kirkwood Boot image generation/list support */
	init_kwb_image_type ();
	/* Init Freescale imx Boot image generation/list support */
	init_imx_image_type ();
	/* Init Freescale mxs Boot image generation/list support */
	init_mxs_image_type();
	/* Init FIT image generation/list support */
	init_fit_image_type ();
	/* Init TI OMAP Boot image generation/list support */
	init_omap_image_type();
	/* Init Default image generation/list support */
	init_default_image_type ();
	/* Init Davinci UBL support */
	init_ubl_image_type();
	/* Init Davinci AIS support */
	init_ais_image_type();

	params.cmdname = *argv;
	params.addr = params.ep = 0;

	while (--argc > 0 && **++argv == '-') {
	while (++argv) {
	switch (**argv) {
	case 'l':
	params.lflag = 1;
	break;
	case 'A':
	if ((--argc <= 0) \|\|
	(params.arch =
	genimg_get_arch_id (*++argv)) < 0)
	usage ();
	goto NXTARG;
	case 'c':
	if (--argc <= 0)
	usage();
	params.comment = *++argv;
	goto NXTARG;
	case 'C':
	if ((--argc <= 0) \|\|
	(params.comp =
	genimg_get_comp_id (*++argv)) < 0)
	usage ();
	goto NXTARG;
	case 'D':
	if (--argc <= 0)
	usage ();
	params.dtc = *++argv;
	goto NXTARG;

	case 'O':
	if ((--argc <= 0) \|\|
	(params.os =
	genimg_get_os_id (*++argv)) < 0)
	usage ();
	goto NXTARG;
	case 'T':
	if ((--argc <= 0) \|\|
	(params.type =
	genimg_get_type_id (*++argv)) < 0)
	usage ();
	goto NXTARG;

	case 'a':
	if (--argc <= 0)
	usage ();
	params.addr = strtoul (*++argv, &ptr, 16);
	if (*ptr) {
	fprintf (stderr,
	"%s: invalid load address %s\n",
	params.cmdname, *argv);
	exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
	}
	goto NXTARG;
	case 'd':
	if (--argc <= 0)
	usage ();
	params.datafile = *++argv;
	params.dflag = 1;
	goto NXTARG;
	case 'e':
	if (--argc <= 0)
	usage ();
	params.ep = strtoul (*++argv, &ptr, 16);
	if (*ptr) {
	fprintf (stderr,
	"%s: invalid entry point %s\n",
	params.cmdname, *argv);
	exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
	}
	params.eflag = 1;
	goto NXTARG;
	case 'f':
	if (--argc <= 0)
	usage ();
	params.datafile = *++argv;
	/* no break */
	case 'F':
	/*
	* The flattened image tree (FIT) format
	* requires a flattened device tree image type
	*/
	params.type = IH_TYPE_FLATDT;
	params.fflag = 1;
	goto NXTARG;
	case 'k':
	if (--argc <= 0)
	usage();
	params.keydir = *++argv;
	goto NXTARG;
	case 'K':
	if (--argc <= 0)
	usage();
	params.keydest = *++argv;
	goto NXTARG;
	case 'n':
	if (--argc <= 0)
	usage ();
	params.imagename = *++argv;
	goto NXTARG;
	case 'r':
	params.require_keys = 1;
	break;
	case 'R':
	if (--argc <= 0)
	usage();
	/*
	* This entry is for the second configuration
	* file, if only one is not enough.
	*/
	params.imagename2 = *++argv;
	goto NXTARG;
	case 's':
	params.skipcpy = 1;
	break;
	case 'v':
	params.vflag++;
	break;
	case 'V':
	printf("mkimage version %s\n", PLAIN_VERSION);
	exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
	case 'x':
	params.xflag++;
	break;
	default:
	usage ();
	}
	}
	NXTARG: ;
	}

	if (argc != 1)
	usage ();

	/* set tparams as per input type_id */
	tparams = mkimage_get_type(params.type);
	if (tparams == NULL) {
	fprintf (stderr, "%s: unsupported type %s\n",
	params.cmdname, genimg_get_type_name(params.type));
	exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	/*
	* check the passed arguments parameters meets the requirements
	* as per image type to be generated/listed
	*/
	if (tparams->check_params)
	if (tparams->check_params (&params))
	usage ();

	if (!params.eflag) {
	params.ep = params.addr;
	/* If XIP, entry point must be after the U-Boot header */
	if (params.xflag)
	params.ep += tparams->header_size;
	}

	params.imagefile = *argv;

	if (params.fflag){
	if (tparams->fflag_handle)
	/*
	* in some cases, some additional processing needs
	* to be done if fflag is defined
	*
	* For ex. fit_handle_file for Fit file support
	*/
	retval = tparams->fflag_handle(&params);

	if (retval != EXIT_SUCCESS)
	exit (retval);
	}

	if (params.lflag \|\| params.fflag) {
	ifd = open (params.imagefile, O_RDONLY\|O_BINARY);
	} else {
	ifd = open (params.imagefile,
	O_RDWR\|O_CREAT\|O_TRUNC\|O_BINARY, 0666);
	}

	if (ifd < 0) {
	fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't open %s: %s\n",
	params.cmdname, params.imagefile,
	strerror(errno));
	exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	if (params.lflag \|\| params.fflag) {
	/*
	* list header information of existing image
	*/
	if (fstat(ifd, &sbuf) < 0) {
	fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't stat %s: %s\n",
	params.cmdname, params.imagefile,
	strerror(errno));
	exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	if ((unsigned)sbuf.st_size < tparams->header_size) {
	fprintf (stderr,
	"%s: Bad size: \"%s\" is not valid image\n",
	params.cmdname, params.imagefile);
	exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	ptr = mmap(0, sbuf.st_size, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, ifd, 0);
	if (ptr == MAP_FAILED) {
	fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't read %s: %s\n",
	params.cmdname, params.imagefile,
	strerror(errno));
	exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	/*
	* scan through mkimage registry for all supported image types
	* and verify the input image file header for match
	* Print the image information for matched image type
	* Returns the error code if not matched
	*/
	retval = mkimage_verify_print_header (ptr, &sbuf);

	(void) munmap((void *)ptr, sbuf.st_size);
	(void) close (ifd);

	exit (retval);
	}

	/*
	* In case there an header with a variable
	* length will be added, the corresponding
	* function is called. This is responsible to
	* allocate memory for the header itself.
	*/
	if (tparams->vrec_header)
	pad_len = tparams->vrec_header(&params, tparams);
	else
	memset(tparams->hdr, 0, tparams->header_size);

	if (write(ifd, tparams->hdr, tparams->header_size)
	!= tparams->header_size) {
	fprintf (stderr, "%s: Write error on %s: %s\n",
	params.cmdname, params.imagefile, strerror(errno));
	exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	if (!params.skipcpy) {
	if (params.type == IH_TYPE_MULTI \|\|
	params.type == IH_TYPE_SCRIPT) {
	char *file = params.datafile;
	uint32_t size;

	for (;;) {
	char *sep = NULL;

	if (file) {
	if ((sep = strchr(file, ':')) != NULL) {
	*sep = '\0';
	}

	if (stat (file, &sbuf) < 0) {
	fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't stat %s: %s\n",
	params.cmdname, file, strerror(errno));
	exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
	}
	size = cpu_to_uimage (sbuf.st_size);
	} else {
	size = 0;
	}

	if (write(ifd, (char *)&size, sizeof(size)) != sizeof(size)) {
	fprintf (stderr, "%s: Write error on %s: %s\n",
	params.cmdname, params.imagefile,
	strerror(errno));
	exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	if (!file) {
	break;
	}

	if (sep) {
	*sep = ':';
	file = sep + 1;
	} else {
	file = NULL;
	}
	}

	file = params.datafile;

	for (;;) {
	char *sep = strchr(file, ':');
	if (sep) {
	*sep = '\0';
	copy_file (ifd, file, 1);
	*sep++ = ':';
	file = sep;
	} else {
	copy_file (ifd, file, 0);
	break;
	}
	}
	} else if (params.type == IH_TYPE_PBLIMAGE) {
	/* PBL has special Image format, implements its' own */
	pbl_load_uboot(ifd, &params);
	} else {
	copy_file(ifd, params.datafile, pad_len);
	}
	}

	/* We're a bit of paranoid */
	#if defined(_POSIX_SYNCHRONIZED_IO) && \
	!defined(__sun__) && \
	!defined(__FreeBSD__) && \
	!defined(__APPLE__)
	(void) fdatasync (ifd);
	#else
	(void) fsync (ifd);
	#endif

	if (fstat(ifd, &sbuf) < 0) {
	fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't stat %s: %s\n",
	params.cmdname, params.imagefile, strerror(errno));
	exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	ptr = mmap(0, sbuf.st_size, PROT_READ\|PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, ifd, 0);
	if (ptr == MAP_FAILED) {
	fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't map %s: %s\n",
	params.cmdname, params.imagefile, strerror(errno));
	exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	/* Setup the image header as per input image type*/
	if (tparams->set_header)
	tparams->set_header (ptr, &sbuf, ifd, &params);
	else {
	fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't set header for %s: %s\n",
	params.cmdname, tparams->name, strerror(errno));
	exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	/* Print the image information by processing image header */
	if (tparams->print_header)
	tparams->print_header (ptr);
	else {
	fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't print header for %s: %s\n",
	params.cmdname, tparams->name, strerror(errno));
	exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	(void) munmap((void *)ptr, sbuf.st_size);

	/* We're a bit of paranoid */
	#if defined(_POSIX_SYNCHRONIZED_IO) && \
	!defined(__sun__) && \
	!defined(__FreeBSD__) && \
	!defined(__APPLE__)
	(void) fdatasync (ifd);
	#else
	(void) fsync (ifd);
	#endif

	if (close(ifd)) {
	fprintf (stderr, "%s: Write error on %s: %s\n",
	params.cmdname, params.imagefile, strerror(errno));
	exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	exit (EXIT_SUCCESS);
	}

	static void
	copy_file (int ifd, const char *datafile, int pad)
	{
	int dfd;
	struct stat sbuf;
	unsigned char *ptr;
	int tail;
	int zero = 0;
	uint8_t zeros[4096];
	int offset = 0;
	int size;
	struct image_type_params *tparams = mkimage_get_type (params.type);

	if (pad >= sizeof(zeros)) {
	fprintf(stderr, "%s: Can't pad to %d\n",
	params.cmdname, pad);
	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	memset(zeros, 0, sizeof(zeros));

	if (params.vflag) {
	fprintf (stderr, "Adding Image %s\n", datafile);
	}

	if ((dfd = open(datafile, O_RDONLY\|O_BINARY)) < 0) {
	fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't open %s: %s\n",
	params.cmdname, datafile, strerror(errno));
	exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	if (fstat(dfd, &sbuf) < 0) {
	fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't stat %s: %s\n",
	params.cmdname, datafile, strerror(errno));
	exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	ptr = mmap(0, sbuf.st_size, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, dfd, 0);
	if (ptr == MAP_FAILED) {
	fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't read %s: %s\n",
	params.cmdname, datafile, strerror(errno));
	exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	if (params.xflag) {
	unsigned char *p = NULL;
	/*
	* XIP: do not append the image_header_t at the
	* beginning of the file, but consume the space
	* reserved for it.
	*/

	if ((unsigned)sbuf.st_size < tparams->header_size) {
	fprintf (stderr,
	"%s: Bad size: \"%s\" is too small for XIP\n",
	params.cmdname, datafile);
	exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	for (p = ptr; p < ptr + tparams->header_size; p++) {
	if ( *p != 0xff ) {
	fprintf (stderr,
	"%s: Bad file: \"%s\" has invalid buffer for XIP\n",
	params.cmdname, datafile);
	exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
	}
	}

	offset = tparams->header_size;
	}

	size = sbuf.st_size - offset;
	if (write(ifd, ptr + offset, size) != size) {
	fprintf (stderr, "%s: Write error on %s: %s\n",
	params.cmdname, params.imagefile, strerror(errno));
	exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	tail = size % 4;
	if ((pad == 1) && (tail != 0)) {

	if (write(ifd, (char *)&zero, 4-tail) != 4-tail) {
	fprintf (stderr, "%s: Write error on %s: %s\n",
	params.cmdname, params.imagefile,
	strerror(errno));
	exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
	}
	} else if (pad > 1) {
	if (write(ifd, (char *)&zeros, pad) != pad) {
	fprintf(stderr, "%s: Write error on %s: %s\n",
	params.cmdname, params.imagefile,
	strerror(errno));
	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}
	}

	(void) munmap((void *)ptr, sbuf.st_size);
	(void) close (dfd);
	}

	static void usage(void)
	{
	fprintf (stderr, "Usage: %s -l image\n"
	" -l ==> list image header information\n",
	params.cmdname);
	fprintf (stderr, " %s [-x] -A arch -O os -T type -C comp "
	"-a addr -e ep -n name -d data_file[:data_file...] image\n"
	" -A ==> set architecture to 'arch'\n"
	" -O ==> set operating system to 'os'\n"
	" -T ==> set image type to 'type'\n"
	" -C ==> set compression type 'comp'\n"
	" -a ==> set load address to 'addr' (hex)\n"
	" -e ==> set entry point to 'ep' (hex)\n"
	" -n ==> set image name to 'name'\n"
	" -d ==> use image data from 'datafile'\n"
	" -x ==> set XIP (execute in place)\n",
	params.cmdname);
	fprintf(stderr, " %s [-D dtc_options] [-f fit-image.its\|-F] fit-image\n",
	params.cmdname);
	fprintf(stderr, " -D => set options for device tree compiler\n"
	" -f => input filename for FIT source\n");
	#ifdef CONFIG_FIT_SIGNATURE
	fprintf(stderr, "Signing / verified boot options: [-k keydir] [-K dtb] [ -c <comment>] [-r]\n"
	" -k => set directory containing private keys\n"
	" -K => write public keys to this .dtb file\n"
	" -c => add comment in signature node\n"
	" -F => re-sign existing FIT image\n"
	" -r => mark keys used as 'required' in dtb\n");
	#else
	fprintf(stderr, "Signing / verified boot not supported (CONFIG_FIT_SIGNATURE undefined)\n");
	#endif
	fprintf (stderr, " %s -V ==> print version information and exit\n",
	params.cmdname);

	exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
	}