doc/README.dfu

# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+

Device Firmware Upgrade (DFU)

Overview:

  The Device Firmware Upgrade (DFU) allows to download and upload firmware
  to/from U-Boot connected over USB.

  U-boot follows the Universal Serial Bus Device Class Specification for
  Device Firmware Upgrade Version 1.1 the USB forum (DFU v1.1 in www.usb.org).

  U-Boot implements this DFU capability (CONFIG_DFU) with the command dfu
  (cmd/dfu.c / CONFIG_CMD_DFU) based on:
  - the DFU stack (common/dfu.c and common/spl/spl_dfu.c), based on the
    USB DFU download gadget (drivers/usb/gadget/f_dfu.c)
  - The access to mediums is done in DFU backends (driver/dfu)

  Today the supported DFU backends are:
  - MMC (RAW or FAT / EXT2 / EXT3 / EXT4 file system / SKIP / SCRIPT)
  - NAND
  - RAM
  - SF (serial flash)
  - MTD (all MTD device: NAND, SPI-NOR, SPI-NAND,...)
  - virtual

  These DFU backends are also used by
  - the dfutftp (see README.dfutftp)
  - the thordown command (cmd/thordown.c and gadget/f_thor.c)

  The "virtual" backend is a generic DFU backend to support a board specific
  target (for example OTP), only based on the weak functions:
  - dfu_write_medium_virt
  - dfu_get_medium_size_virt
  - dfu_read_medium_virt

Configuration Options:
  CONFIG_DFU
  CONFIG_DFU_OVER_USB
  CONFIG_DFU_MMC
  CONFIG_DFU_MTD
  CONFIG_DFU_NAND
  CONFIG_DFU_RAM
  CONFIG_DFU_SF
  CONFIG_DFU_SF_PART
  CONFIG_DFU_TIMEOUT
  CONFIG_DFU_VIRTUAL
  CONFIG_CMD_DFU

Environment variables:
  the dfu command uses 3 environments variables:
  "dfu_alt_info" : the DFU setting for the USB download gadget with a semicolon
                   separated string of information on each alternate:
                   dfu_alt_info="<alt1>;<alt2>;....;<altN>"

                   when several devices are used, the format is:
                   - <interface> <dev>'='alternate list (';' separated)
                   - each interface is separated by '&'
                dfu_alt_info=\
                   "<interface1> <dev1>=<alt1>;....;<altN>&"\
                   "<interface2> <dev2>=<altN+1>;....;<altM>&"\
                   ...\
                   "<interfaceI> <devI>=<altY+1>;....;<altZ>&"

  "dfu_bufsiz" : size of the DFU buffer, when absent, use
                 CONFIG_SYS_DFU_DATA_BUF_SIZE (8 MiB by default)

  "dfu_hash_algo" : name of the hash algorithm to use

Commands:
  dfu <USB_controller> [<interface> <dev>] list
    list the alternate device defined in "dfu_alt_info"

  dfu <USB_controller> [<interface> <dev>] [<timeout>]
    start the dfu stack on the USB instance with the selected medium
    backend and use the "dfu_alt_info" variable to configure the
    alternate setting and link each one with the medium
    The dfu command continue until receive a ^C in console or
    a DFU detach transaction from HOST. If CONFIG_DFU_TIMEOUT option
    is enabled and <timeout> parameter is present in the command line,
    the DFU operation will be aborted automatically after <timeout>
    seconds of waiting remote to initiate DFU session.

  The possible values of <interface> are :
  (with <USB controller> = 0 in the dfu command example)

  "mmc" (for eMMC and SD card)
    cmd: dfu 0 mmc <dev>
    each element in "dfu_alt_info" =
      <name> raw <offset> <size> [mmcpart <num>]   raw access to mmc device
      <name> part <dev> <part_id> [mmcpart <num>]  raw access to partition
      <name> fat <dev> <part_id> [mmcpart <num>]   file in FAT partition
      <name> ext4 <dev> <part_id> [mmcpart <num>]  file in EXT4 partition
      <name> skip 0 0                              ignore flashed data
      <name> script 0 0                            execute commands in shell

      with <partid> being the GPT or DOS partition index,
      with <num> being the eMMC hardware partition number.

    A value of environment variable dfu_alt_info for eMMC could be:

      "u-boot raw 0x3e 0x800 mmcpart 1;bl2 raw 0x1e 0x1d mmcpart 1"

    A value of environment variable dfu_alt_info for SD card could be:

      "u-boot raw 0x80 0x800;uImage ext4 0 2"

    If don't want to flash given image file to storage, use "skip" type
    entity.
    - It can be used to protect flashing wrong image for the specific board.
    - Especailly, this layout will be useful when thor protocol is used,
      which performs flashing in batch mode, where more than one file is
      processed.
    For example, if one makes a single tar file with support for the two
    boards with u-boot-<board1>.bin and u-boot-<board2>.bin files, one
    can use it to flash a proper u-boot image on both without a failure:

      "u-boot-<board1>.bin raw 0x80 0x800; u-boot-<board2>.bin skip 0 0"

    When flashing new system image requires do some more complex things
    than just writing data to the storage medium, one can use 'script'
    type. Data written to such entity will be executed as a command list
    in the u-boot's shell. This for example allows to re-create partition
    layout and even set new dfu_alt_info for the newly created paritions.
    Such script would look like:
	--->8---
	setenv dfu_alt_info ...
	setenv mbr_parts ...
	mbr write ...
	--->8---
    Please note that this means that user will be able to execute any
    arbitrary commands just like in the u-boot's shell.

  "nand" (raw slc nand device)
    cmd: dfu 0 nand <dev>
    each element in "dfu_alt_info" =
      <name> raw <offset> <size>   raw access to mmc device
      <name> part <dev> <part_id>  raw acces to partition
      <name> partubi <dev> <part_id>  raw acces to ubi partition

      with <partid> is the MTD partition index

  "ram"
    cmd: dfu 0 ram <dev>
    (<dev> is not used for RAM target)
    each element in "dfu_alt_info" =
      <name> ram <offset> <size>  raw access to ram

  "sf" (serial flash : NOR)
    cmd: dfu 0 sf <dev>
    each element in "dfu_alt_info" =
      <name> raw <offset> <size>  raw access to sf device
      <name> part <dev> <part_id>  raw acces to partition
      <name> partubi <dev> <part_id>  raw acces to ubi partition

      with <partid> is the MTD partition index

  "mtd" (all MTD device: NAND, SPI-NOR, SPI-NAND,...)
    cmd: dfu 0 mtd <dev>
      with <dev> the mtd identifier as defined in mtd command
      (nand0, nor0, spi-nand0,...)
    each element in "dfu_alt_info" =
      <name> raw <offset> <size>  raw access to mtd device
      <name> part <dev> <part_id>  raw acces to partition
      <name> partubi <dev> <part_id>  raw acces to ubi partition

      with <partid> is the MTD partition index

  "virt"
    cmd: dfu 0 virt <dev>
    each element in "dfu_alt_info" =
      <name>

  <interface> and <dev> are absent:
    the dfu command to use multiple devices
    cmd: dfu 0 list
    cmd: dfu 0
   "dfu_alt_info" variable provides the list of <interface> <dev> with
   alternate list separated by '&' with the same format for each <alt>
       mmc <dev>=<alt1>;....;<altN>
       nand <dev>=<alt1>;....;<altN>
       ram <dev>=<alt1>;....;<altN>
       sf <dev>=<alt1>;....;<altN>
       mtd <dev>=<alt1>;....;<altN>
       virt <dev>=<alt1>;....;<altN>

Callbacks:
  The weak callback functions can be implemented to manage specific behavior
  - dfu_initiated_callback  : called when the DFU transaction is started,
                              used to initiase the device
  - dfu_flush_callback      : called at the end of the DFU write after DFU
                              manifestation, used to manage the device when
                              DFU transaction is closed

Host tools:
  When U-Boot runs the dfu stack, the DFU host tools can be used
  to send/receive firmwares on each configurated alternate.

  For example dfu-util is a host side implementation of the DFU 1.1
  specifications(http://dfu-util.sourceforge.net/) which works with U-Boot.

Usage:
  Example 1: firmware located in eMMC or SD card, with:
  - alternate 1 (alt=1) for SPL partition (GPT partition 1)
  - alternate 2 (alt=2) for U-Boot partition (GPT partition 2)

  The U-Boot configuration is:

  U-Boot> env set dfu_alt_info "spl part 0 1;u-boot part 0 2"

  U-Boot> dfu 0 mmc 0 list
  DFU alt settings list:
  dev: eMMC alt: 0 name: spl layout: RAW_ADDR
  dev: eMMC alt: 1 name: u-boot layout: RAW_ADDR

  Boot> dfu 0 mmc 0

  On the Host side:

  list the available alternate setting:

  $> dfu-util -l
  dfu-util 0.9

  Copyright 2005-2009 Weston Schmidt, Harald Welte and OpenMoko Inc.
  Copyright 2010-2016 Tormod Volden and Stefan Schmidt
  This program is Free Software and has ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY
  Please report bugs to http://sourceforge.net/p/dfu-util/tickets/

  Found DFU: [0483:5720] ver=0200, devnum=45, cfg=1, intf=0, path="3-1.3.1", \
     alt=1, name="u-boot", serial="003A00203438510D36383238"
  Found DFU: [0483:5720] ver=0200, devnum=45, cfg=1, intf=0, path="3-1.3.1", \
     alt=0, name="spl", serial="003A00203438510D36383238"

  To download to U-Boot, use -D option

  $> dfu-util -a 0 -D u-boot-spl.bin
  $> dfu-util -a 1 -D u-boot.bin

  To upload from U-Boot, use -U option

  $> dfu-util -a 0 -U u-boot-spl.bin
  $> dfu-util -a 1 -U u-boot.bin

  To request a DFU detach and reset the USB connection:
  $> dfu-util -a 0 -e  -R


  Example 2: firmware located in NOR (sf) and NAND, with:
  - alternate 1 (alt=1) for SPL partition (NOR GPT partition 1)
  - alternate 2 (alt=2) for U-Boot partition (NOR GPT partition 2)
  - alternate 3 (alt=3) for U-Boot-env partition (NOR GPT partition 3)
  - alternate 4 (alt=4) for UBI partition (NAND GPT partition 1)

  U-Boot> env set dfu_alt_info \
  "sf 0:0:10000000:0=spl part 0 1;u-boot part 0 2; \
  u-boot-env part 0 3&nand 0=UBI partubi 0,1"

  U-Boot> dfu 0 list

  DFU alt settings list:
  dev: SF alt: 0 name: spl layout: RAW_ADDR
  dev: SF alt: 1 name: ssbl layout: RAW_ADDR
  dev: SF alt: 2 name: u-boot-env layout: RAW_ADDR
  dev: NAND alt: 3 name: UBI layout: RAW_ADDR

  U-Boot> dfu 0

  $> dfu-util -l
  Found DFU: [0483:5720] ver=9999, devnum=96, cfg=1,\
     intf=0, alt=3, name="UBI", serial="002700333338511934383330"
  Found DFU: [0483:5720] ver=9999, devnum=96, cfg=1,\
     intf=0, alt=2, name="u-boot-env", serial="002700333338511934383330"
  Found DFU: [0483:5720] ver=9999, devnum=96, cfg=1,\
     intf=0, alt=1, name="u-boot", serial="002700333338511934383330"
  Found DFU: [0483:5720] ver=9999, devnum=96, cfg=1,\
     intf=0, alt=0, name="spl", serial="002700333338511934383330"

  Same example with MTD backend

   U-Boot> env set dfu_alt_info \
      "mtd nor0=spl part 1;u-boot part 2;u-boot-env part 3&"\
      "mtd nand0=UBI partubi 1"

  U-Boot> dfu 0 list
  using id 'nor0,0'
  using id 'nor0,1'
  using id 'nor0,2'
  using id 'nand0,0'
  DFU alt settings list:
  dev: MTD alt: 0 name: spl layout: RAW_ADDR
  dev: MTD alt: 1 name: u-boot layout: RAW_ADDR
  dev: MTD alt: 2 name: u-boot-env layout: RAW_ADDR
  dev: MTD alt: 3 name: UBI layout: RAW_ADDR

  Example 3: firmware located in SD Card (mmc) and virtual partition on
             OTP and PMIC not volatile memory
  - alternate 1 (alt=1) for scard
  - alternate 2 (alt=2) for OTP (virtual)
  - alternate 3 (alt=3) for PMIC NVM (virtual)

   U-Boot> env set dfu_alt_info \
      "mmc 0=sdcard raw 0 0x100000&"\
      "virt 0=otp" \
      "virt 1=pmic"

   U-Boot> dfu 0 list
   DFU alt settings list:
   dev: eMMC alt: 0 name: sdcard layout: RAW_ADDR
   dev: VIRT alt: 1 name: otp layout: RAW_ADDR
   dev: VIRT alt: 2 name: pmic layout: RAW_ADDR