blob: 94f7e0847b4b63b07bc5b224d2355dd3d228bee3 [file] [log] [blame]
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +00001/*
2 * BedBug Functions
3 */
4
5#include <common.h>
6#include <command.h>
7#include <linux/ctype.h>
8#include <net.h>
wdenk8bde7f72003-06-27 21:31:46 +00009#include <bedbug/type.h>
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +000010#include <bedbug/bedbug.h>
11#include <bedbug/regs.h>
12#include <bedbug/ppc.h>
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +000013
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +020014DECLARE_GLOBAL_DATA_PTR;
15
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +000016#ifndef MAX
17#define MAX(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
18#endif
19
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +020020extern void show_regs __P ((struct pt_regs *));
21extern int run_command __P ((const char *, int));
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +000022extern char console_buffer[];
23
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +020024ulong dis_last_addr = 0; /* Last address disassembled */
25ulong dis_last_len = 20; /* Default disassembler length */
26CPU_DEBUG_CTX bug_ctx; /* Bedbug context structure */
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +000027
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +020028
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +000029/* ======================================================================
30 * U-Boot's puts function does not append a newline, so the bedbug stuff
31 * will use this for the output of the dis/assembler.
32 * ====================================================================== */
33
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +020034int bedbug_puts (const char *str)
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +000035{
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +020036 /* -------------------------------------------------- */
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +000037
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +020038 printf ("%s\r\n", str);
39 return 0;
40} /* bedbug_puts */
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +000041
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +020042
43
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +000044/* ======================================================================
45 * Initialize the bug_ctx structure used by the bedbug debugger. This is
46 * specific to the CPU since each has different debug registers and
47 * settings.
48 * ====================================================================== */
49
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +020050void bedbug_init (void)
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +000051{
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +020052 /* -------------------------------------------------- */
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +000053
54#if defined(CONFIG_4xx)
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +020055 void bedbug405_init (void);
56
57 bedbug405_init ();
wdenkd126bfb2003-04-10 11:18:18 +000058#elif defined(CONFIG_8xx)
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +020059 void bedbug860_init (void);
60
61 bedbug860_init ();
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +000062#endif
63
64#if defined(CONFIG_MPC824X) || defined(CONFIG_MPC8260)
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +020065 /* Processors that are 603e core based */
66 void bedbug603e_init (void);
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +000067
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +020068 bedbug603e_init ();
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +000069#endif
70
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +020071 return;
72} /* bedbug_init */
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +000073
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +020074
75
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +000076/* ======================================================================
77 * Entry point from the interpreter to the disassembler. Repeated calls
78 * will resume from the last disassembled address.
79 * ====================================================================== */
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +020080int do_bedbug_dis (cmd_tbl_t * cmdtp, int flag, int argc, char *argv[])
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +000081{
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +020082 ulong addr; /* Address to start disassembly from */
83 ulong len; /* # of instructions to disassemble */
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +000084
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +020085 /* -------------------------------------------------- */
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +000086
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +020087 /* Setup to go from the last address if none is given */
88 addr = dis_last_addr;
89 len = dis_last_len;
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +000090
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +020091 if (argc < 2) {
92 printf ("Usage:\n%s\n", cmdtp->usage);
93 return 1;
94 }
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +000095
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +020096 if ((flag & CMD_FLAG_REPEAT) == 0) {
97 /* New command */
98 addr = simple_strtoul (argv[1], NULL, 16);
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +000099
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +0200100 /* If an extra param is given then it is the length */
101 if (argc > 2)
102 len = simple_strtoul (argv[2], NULL, 16);
103 }
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +0000104
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +0200105 /* Run the disassembler */
106 disppc ((unsigned char *) addr, 0, len, bedbug_puts, F_RADHEX);
107
108 dis_last_addr = addr + (len * 4);
109 dis_last_len = len;
110 return 0;
111} /* do_bedbug_dis */
112
113U_BOOT_CMD (ds, 3, 1, do_bedbug_dis,
114 "ds - disassemble memory\n",
115 "ds <address> [# instructions]\n");
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +0000116
117/* ======================================================================
118 * Entry point from the interpreter to the assembler. Assembles
119 * instructions in consecutive memory locations until a '.' (period) is
120 * entered on a line by itself.
121 * ====================================================================== */
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +0200122int do_bedbug_asm (cmd_tbl_t * cmdtp, int flag, int argc, char *argv[])
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +0000123{
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +0200124 long mem_addr; /* Address to assemble into */
125 unsigned long instr; /* Machine code for text */
126 char prompt[15]; /* Prompt string for user input */
127 int asm_err; /* Error code from the assembler */
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +0000128
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +0200129 /* -------------------------------------------------- */
130 int rcode = 0;
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +0000131
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +0200132 if (argc < 2) {
133 printf ("Usage:\n%s\n", cmdtp->usage);
134 return 1;
135 }
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +0000136
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +0200137 printf ("\nEnter '.' when done\n");
138 mem_addr = simple_strtoul (argv[1], NULL, 16);
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +0000139
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +0200140 while (1) {
141 putc ('\n');
142 disppc ((unsigned char *) mem_addr, 0, 1, bedbug_puts,
143 F_RADHEX);
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +0000144
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +0200145 sprintf (prompt, "%08lx: ", mem_addr);
146 readline (prompt);
147
148 if (console_buffer[0] && strcmp (console_buffer, ".")) {
149 if ((instr =
150 asmppc (mem_addr, console_buffer,
151 &asm_err)) != 0) {
152 *(unsigned long *) mem_addr = instr;
153 mem_addr += 4;
154 } else {
155 printf ("*** Error: %s ***\n",
156 asm_error_str (asm_err));
157 rcode = 1;
158 }
159 } else {
160 break;
161 }
162 }
163 return rcode;
164} /* do_bedbug_asm */
165
166U_BOOT_CMD (as, 2, 0, do_bedbug_asm,
167 "as - assemble memory\n", "as <address>\n");
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +0000168
169/* ======================================================================
170 * Used to set a break point from the interpreter. Simply calls into the
171 * CPU-specific break point set routine.
172 * ====================================================================== */
173
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +0200174int do_bedbug_break (cmd_tbl_t * cmdtp, int flag, int argc, char *argv[])
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +0000175{
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +0200176 /* -------------------------------------------------- */
177 if (bug_ctx.do_break)
178 (*bug_ctx.do_break) (cmdtp, flag, argc, argv);
179 return 0;
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +0000180
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +0200181} /* do_bedbug_break */
182
183U_BOOT_CMD (break, 3, 0, do_bedbug_break,
184 "break - set or clear a breakpoint\n",
185 " - Set or clear a breakpoint\n"
186 "break <address> - Break at an address\n"
187 "break off <bp#> - Disable breakpoint.\n"
188 "break show - List breakpoints.\n");
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +0000189
190/* ======================================================================
191 * Called from the debug interrupt routine. Simply calls the CPU-specific
192 * breakpoint handling routine.
193 * ====================================================================== */
194
195void do_bedbug_breakpoint (struct pt_regs *regs)
196{
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +0200197 /* -------------------------------------------------- */
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +0000198
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +0200199 if (bug_ctx.break_isr)
200 (*bug_ctx.break_isr) (regs);
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +0000201
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +0200202 return;
203} /* do_bedbug_breakpoint */
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +0000204
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +0200205
206
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +0000207/* ======================================================================
208 * Called from the CPU-specific breakpoint handling routine. Enter a
209 * mini main loop until the stopped flag is cleared from the breakpoint
210 * context.
211 *
212 * This handles the parts of the debugger that are common to all CPU's.
213 * ====================================================================== */
214
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +0200215void bedbug_main_loop (unsigned long addr, struct pt_regs *regs)
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +0000216{
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +0200217 int len; /* Length of command line */
218 int flag; /* Command flags */
219 int rc = 0; /* Result from run_command */
220 char prompt_str[20]; /* Prompt string */
221 static char lastcommand[CFG_CBSIZE] = { 0 }; /* previous command */
222 /* -------------------------------------------------- */
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +0000223
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +0200224 if (bug_ctx.clear)
225 (*bug_ctx.clear) (bug_ctx.current_bp);
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +0000226
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +0200227 printf ("Breakpoint %d: ", bug_ctx.current_bp);
228 disppc ((unsigned char *) addr, 0, 1, bedbug_puts, F_RADHEX);
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +0000229
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +0200230 bug_ctx.stopped = 1;
231 bug_ctx.regs = regs;
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +0000232
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +0200233 sprintf (prompt_str, "BEDBUG.%d =>", bug_ctx.current_bp);
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +0000234
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +0200235 /* A miniature main loop */
236 while (bug_ctx.stopped) {
237 len = readline (prompt_str);
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +0000238
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +0200239 flag = 0; /* assume no special flags for now */
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +0000240
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +0200241 if (len > 0)
242 strcpy (lastcommand, console_buffer);
243 else if (len == 0)
244 flag |= CMD_FLAG_REPEAT;
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +0000245
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +0200246 if (len == -1)
247 printf ("<INTERRUPT>\n");
248 else
249 rc = run_command (lastcommand, flag);
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +0000250
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +0200251 if (rc <= 0) {
252 /* invalid command or not repeatable, forget it */
253 lastcommand[0] = 0;
254 }
255 }
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +0000256
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +0200257 bug_ctx.regs = NULL;
258 bug_ctx.current_bp = 0;
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +0000259
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +0200260 return;
261} /* bedbug_main_loop */
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +0000262
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +0200263
264
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +0000265/* ======================================================================
266 * Interpreter command to continue from a breakpoint. Just clears the
267 * stopped flag in the context so that the breakpoint routine will
268 * return.
269 * ====================================================================== */
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +0200270int do_bedbug_continue (cmd_tbl_t * cmdtp, int flag, int argc, char *argv[])
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +0000271{
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +0200272 /* -------------------------------------------------- */
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +0000273
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +0200274 if (!bug_ctx.stopped) {
275 printf ("Not at a breakpoint\n");
276 return 1;
277 }
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +0000278
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +0200279 bug_ctx.stopped = 0;
280 return 0;
281} /* do_bedbug_continue */
282
283U_BOOT_CMD (continue, 1, 0, do_bedbug_continue,
284 "continue- continue from a breakpoint\n",
285 " - continue from a breakpoint.\n");
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +0000286
287/* ======================================================================
288 * Interpreter command to continue to the next instruction, stepping into
289 * subroutines. Works by calling the find_next_addr() routine to compute
290 * the address passes control to the CPU-specific set breakpoint routine
291 * for the current breakpoint number.
292 * ====================================================================== */
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +0200293int do_bedbug_step (cmd_tbl_t * cmdtp, int flag, int argc, char *argv[])
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +0000294{
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +0200295 unsigned long addr; /* Address to stop at */
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +0000296
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +0200297 /* -------------------------------------------------- */
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +0000298
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +0200299 if (!bug_ctx.stopped) {
300 printf ("Not at a breakpoint\n");
301 return 1;
302 }
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +0000303
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +0200304 if (!find_next_address ((unsigned char *) &addr, FALSE, bug_ctx.regs))
305 return 1;
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +0000306
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +0200307 if (bug_ctx.set)
308 (*bug_ctx.set) (bug_ctx.current_bp, addr);
309
310 bug_ctx.stopped = 0;
311 return 0;
312} /* do_bedbug_step */
313
314U_BOOT_CMD (step, 1, 1, do_bedbug_step,
315 "step - single step execution.\n",
316 " - single step execution.\n");
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +0000317
318/* ======================================================================
319 * Interpreter command to continue to the next instruction, stepping over
320 * subroutines. Works by calling the find_next_addr() routine to compute
321 * the address passes control to the CPU-specific set breakpoint routine
322 * for the current breakpoint number.
323 * ====================================================================== */
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +0200324int do_bedbug_next (cmd_tbl_t * cmdtp, int flag, int argc, char *argv[])
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +0000325{
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +0200326 unsigned long addr; /* Address to stop at */
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +0000327
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +0200328 /* -------------------------------------------------- */
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +0000329
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +0200330 if (!bug_ctx.stopped) {
331 printf ("Not at a breakpoint\n");
332 return 1;
333 }
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +0000334
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +0200335 if (!find_next_address ((unsigned char *) &addr, TRUE, bug_ctx.regs))
336 return 1;
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +0000337
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +0200338 if (bug_ctx.set)
339 (*bug_ctx.set) (bug_ctx.current_bp, addr);
340
341 bug_ctx.stopped = 0;
342 return 0;
343} /* do_bedbug_next */
344
345U_BOOT_CMD (next, 1, 1, do_bedbug_next,
346 "next - single step execution, stepping over subroutines.\n",
347 " - single step execution, stepping over subroutines.\n");
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +0000348
349/* ======================================================================
350 * Interpreter command to print the current stack. This assumes an EABI
351 * architecture, so it starts with GPR R1 and works back up the stack.
352 * ====================================================================== */
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +0200353int do_bedbug_stack (cmd_tbl_t * cmdtp, int flag, int argc, char *argv[])
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +0000354{
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +0200355 unsigned long sp; /* Stack pointer */
356 unsigned long func; /* LR from stack */
357 int depth; /* Stack iteration level */
358 int skip = 1; /* Flag to skip the first entry */
359 unsigned long top; /* Top of memory address */
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +0000360
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +0200361 /* -------------------------------------------------- */
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +0000362
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +0200363 if (!bug_ctx.stopped) {
364 printf ("Not at a breakpoint\n");
365 return 1;
366 }
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +0000367
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +0200368 top = gd->bd->bi_memstart + gd->bd->bi_memsize;
369 depth = 0;
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +0000370
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +0200371 printf ("Depth PC\n");
372 printf ("----- --------\n");
373 printf ("%5d %08lx\n", depth++, bug_ctx.regs->nip);
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +0000374
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +0200375 sp = bug_ctx.regs->gpr[1];
376 func = *(unsigned long *) (sp + 4);
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +0000377
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +0200378 while ((func < top) && (sp < top)) {
379 if (!skip)
380 printf ("%5d %08lx\n", depth++, func);
381 else
382 --skip;
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +0000383
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +0200384 sp = *(unsigned long *) sp;
385 func = *(unsigned long *) (sp + 4);
386 }
387 return 0;
388} /* do_bedbug_stack */
389
390U_BOOT_CMD (where, 1, 1, do_bedbug_stack,
391 "where - Print the running stack.\n",
392 " - Print the running stack.\n");
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +0000393
394/* ======================================================================
395 * Interpreter command to dump the registers. Calls the CPU-specific
396 * show registers routine.
397 * ====================================================================== */
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +0200398int do_bedbug_rdump (cmd_tbl_t * cmdtp, int flag, int argc, char *argv[])
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +0000399{
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +0200400 /* -------------------------------------------------- */
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +0000401
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +0200402 if (!bug_ctx.stopped) {
403 printf ("Not at a breakpoint\n");
404 return 1;
405 }
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +0000406
Wolfgang Denkd87080b2006-03-31 18:32:53 +0200407 show_regs (bug_ctx.regs);
408 return 0;
409} /* do_bedbug_rdump */
410
411U_BOOT_CMD (rdump, 1, 1, do_bedbug_rdump,
412 "rdump - Show registers.\n", " - Show registers.\n");
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +0000413/* ====================================================================== */
wdenk47d1a6e2002-11-03 00:01:44 +0000414
415
416/*
417 * Copyright (c) 2001 William L. Pitts
418 * All rights reserved.
419 *
420 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are freely
421 * permitted provided that the above copyright notice and this
422 * paragraph and the following disclaimer are duplicated in all
423 * such forms.
424 *
425 * This software is provided "AS IS" and without any express or
426 * implied warranties, including, without limitation, the implied
427 * warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular
428 * purpose.
429 */